热化学非平衡喷管流场的数值研究

从非定常的基本方程出发,采用时间相关法,利用时间预处理的ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ格式对空气为实验气体的７组元热化学非平衡一维喷管流场进行了数值计算,并分析了热化学非平衡对流场的影响。结果表明,对于一些实际应用的喷管条件,热化学非平衡具有较为显著的影响。     

固体火箭发动机喉径变化辨识

根据发动机实验得到的燃烧室压强和发动机推力随时间变化数据，考虑了三氧化二铝沉积、消融和喉衬材料烧蚀，建立了喉径变化模型，并用辨识技术得到了喉径变化规律，为发动机性能计算提供了必要的数据，大大提高了性能计算的精度。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

基于伴飞模式的补给星轨道设计与优化

针对采用伴飞模式的星座燃料补给问题,本文对其补给星的轨道进行了设计与优化。在给出补给星的轨道设计之后,利用遗传算法对补给星轨道机动所消耗的燃料质量以及每次转移给工作星的燃料质量进行了优化求解,使得补给星燃料利用率达到最高。仿真结果同时给出了燃料利用率与工作星轨道高度以及星座中卫星数目之间的关系,该结论对采用伴飞模式的星座燃料补给研究提供了较好的理论参考。     

航天器推力器布设对燃料消耗的影响

对航天器六自由度控制的推力分配问题进行了研究,参考卫星导航系统中几何精度衰减因子(GDOP) 的定义,首次提出了推力器构型燃料消耗因子（FCF）的概念,并将此概念用于定义推力器相对几何关系引起的期望控制量与燃料消耗间的比例关系。通过矩阵理论分析得到了燃料消耗因子随推力器数目增加而减少的结论,并通过仿真计算对结论进行了验证。     

搅拌摩擦焊接头隧道类缺陷等强补焊工艺

针对搅拌摩擦焊接头隧道类缺陷等强补焊的应用要求,开发了基于TIG焊熔补材料、搅拌摩擦焊增强组织性能的等强补焊工艺,对补焊后的接头进行了微观组织观察与力学性能分析,评价了补焊工艺对接头性能的影响.结果表明,对焊缝同一位置进行不大于三次的重复搅拌摩擦焊,接头力学性能不会明显下降;TIG熔补焊缝经再次搅拌摩擦焊后,其焊缝组织与搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织特征相似,不会导致接头组织恶化.采用本文开发的等强补焊工艺对某型号火箭液氧贮箱纵缝的隧道缺陷进行了等强补焊,表明该方法有效可行.     

无人机用燃料电池阴极供气系统建模与控制

燃料电池因其高效、无污染、噪声小等特点,被认为是未来最具有潜力的无人机（UAV）用动力源,燃料电池阴极供气系统的控制技术是决定燃料电池系统性能和可靠性的关键。针对无人机用质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）阴极供气系统,首先,考虑外界温度、压力、空气密度以及雷诺数等随高度变化的参数,建立了跨高度离心空压机模型并分析了其在不同高度下的工作特性,基于无刷直流电机反电势特征构建了高速空压机驱动电机模型。其次,通过计算燃料电池阴极氧气和氮气的动态分压获取了PEMFC电堆输出电压。设计了基于分数阶PI^λD^μ的过氧比和阴极气压控制方法,驱动电机采用有限集模型预测控制（MPC）实现快速的转矩响应,仿真结果表明设计的控制器可在无人机跨高度运行条件下实现过氧比的快速调节,同时维持阴极气压稳定,满足燃料电池阴极供气需求。     

超音速混合及燃烧的强化技术

超音速气流中燃料与空气混合直接关系到燃烧效率，强化超音速混合及燃烧已成为各国专家正在解决的关键问题之一。本文在广泛搜集资料的基础上，归纳了已有的强化技术，为开展强化超音速混合及燃烧技术的研究作了必要的准备。     

燃气射流起始冲击波形成机理的实验研究

利用实验研究的方法对燃气射流起始冲击波的形成机理进行研究。目的在于研究其发生、发展的规律,为寻求降低其危害性的研究提供参考。实验中使用了激光Ｍｏｉｒｅ偏拍仪对起始冲击波场的形成初期进行了光学显示,同时还使用了压阻式压力传感器对起始冲击波超压进行了测量。通过对测量结果的分析,认识了燃气射流起始冲击波的物理本质且总结出其形成和发展的一般规律,它在近场的高峰值超压对火箭武器的承载设备具有破坏作用。