Multilevel Tests and Measurement Evaluation Methods for the Application of Composite Materials in Spacecraft Structures

With the implementation of new-generation launch vehicles, space stations, lunar and deep space exploration, etc., the development of spacecraft structures will face new challenges. In order to reduce the spacecraft weight and increase the payload, composite material structures will be widely used. It is difficult to evaluate the strength and life of composite materials due to their complex mechanism and various phenomena in damage and failure. Meanwhile, the structures of composite materials used in spacecrafts will bear complex loads, including the coupling loads of tension, pressure, bending, shear, and torsion. Static loads, thermal loads, and vibration loads may occur at the same time, which asks for verification requirements to ensure the structure safety. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a systematic multi-level experimental study. In this paper, the building block approach (BBA) is used to investigate the multilevel composite material structures for spacecrafts. The advanced measurement technology is adopted based on digital image correlation (DIC) and piezoelectric and optical fiber sensors to measure the composite material structure deformation. The virtual experiment technology is applied to provide sufficient and reliable data for the evaluation of the composite material structures of spacecrafts.     

基于相推法的空间光载射频链路绝对延时测量

空间光载射频链路利用空间光链路实现射频信号的传输.由于采用大气信道传输光载射频信号,链路绝对延时受到大气湍流和温度等因素影响,产生延时抖动.本文采用相推法对1 km空间光载射频链路的绝对延时进行了高精度测量,测量结果与理论模型吻合,测量精度优于0.1 ps.该测量方法采用电光调制和射频鉴相实现了链路绝对延时测量,与光载...     

动态环路法磁矩测量系统标定与误差评估

为保证磁矩和磁心位置测量精度,需要对动态环路法磁矩测量系统进行标定。在分析系统测量误差组成及其影响的基础上,提出了对动态环路法磁矩测量系统标定的方法,即采用以不同大小标准磁体为被测对象的标定方案,利用最小二乘法给出了5个标定系数值。通过测量2组用于模拟真实被测对象的组合磁体,评估了标定后动态环路法磁矩测量系统的实际测量性能。结果表明,标定后的动态环路法磁矩测量系统对偶极磁矩的测量误差不大于4.6%,磁心位置测量误差不大于7.2%。     

火箭发动机七机并联机架预应力模态分析及优化

针对新一代载人运载火箭七台火箭发动机并联机架在大推力作用下的非线性振动问题,开展了七机并联传力机架的预应力模态分析及优化设计方法研究。以该研究为基础,发展了一种预应力条件下机架材料等效替换方法。在不改变结构传力路径的情况下,通过结构预应力频率优化设计,能够有效降低机架材料物性参数改变所带来的低阶预应力频率误差,以此降低传力机架在动静联合试验时的试验成本。针对七机并联机架结构开展了钛合金和不锈钢材料等效替换,结果表明优化后的不锈钢机架相比原始的钛合金机架,刚度和动力学特性变化维持在合理变化范围之内,验证了该方法的有效性。     

BPSK调制器发射时延的一种高精度标定方法

在高精度卫星测控、导航定位等领域,系统设备的绝对时延是影响精度的主要因素之一。示波器方案是目前能够测量BPSK调制器调制信号输入端到射频信号输出端的时延的唯一方法。文章提出采用宽带数字存储示波器结合包络检测信号处理技术,以提高调制器时延测量的精度,标准不确定度可优于50ps,避免了手工测试的主观不确定性。该方法也可推广用于变频器时延的精确测量。     

一种改进的短时数据高精度测频算法

原短时数据高精度测频算法在某些频率范围内无法实现对频率的准确估计,分析了产生这一现象的原因,并提出了一种改进的短时数据高精度测频算法。在低信噪比条件下,改进算法可以实现对采样率范围内所有频率的高精度估计,其性能接近Cramer-Rao(CR)下界。     

常规推进剂贮存远程测控系统设计

某推进剂库房为常规液体火箭发动机地面试验提供燃料和氧化剂,燃料和氧化剂均为有毒有害物质,燃料具有易燃易爆特性.为了提高推进剂贮存安全性和工艺系统操作过程安全性,便于集中控制和管理,提出了推进剂贮存库房远程测控系统设计方案.该系统符合RMS设计要求,已成功应用于推进剂库房,提高了系统安全性和自动化程度.     

Influence of measure-density on combustor characteristics

The apparatus of scan measurement was used to gather the temperature pattern at the combustor outlet,where the average working temperature of gas was about 1700Kand the maximum temperature was about 1 950K.Consequently,the measurement part was cooled by water or air.Usually,for intermittent measurement devices,the interval of circle angel could be changed to get a high-density temperature distribution.A continuous measurement manner was adopted to get point in circle.The angle between two measurepoints was 1.286°.The annular combustor outlet was about 40to 50mm in height,where 5or 6measure points were usually arranged.In this device,10measure points were arranged in a range of 45.5mm.Four thermocouples were arranged in circle to obtain 2 800measure-points of the temperature field in a single experiment.Data were drawn from the whole datasheet at intervals.Each group of data whose number decreased in turn,included temperature points of 2 800,1 400,700,and 350,respectively.Several groups of temperature distributions with different densities were established.Subsequently,data processing was conducted to calculate the main combustor characteristics,including arithmetic or integral average temperature,OTDF(overall temperature distribution factor)and RTDF(radial temperature distribution factor).It is found that the data from different groups with different measuring densities result in significant difference on the combustor characteristics.The veracity of temperature characteristics increases with the growing measure-density.     

取样密度对燃烧室试验测量结果的影响

在航空发动机和燃气轮机燃烧室部件试验中,取样密度会对燃烧室出口温度测量结果产生影响,如果取样密度过小,会造成燃烧室出口温度测量值与"实际值"之间偏离度过大。基于此,对3种燃烧室的试验数据进行了分析。同时将试验采集到的"高取样密度"的原始数据沿圆周方向进行均匀"拆分","拆分后"得到不同密度的"低取样密度"数据,将该数据与原始"高取样密度"试验数据的分析结果进行了对比,得出了取样密度与测量偏离度之间的关系,并给出了满足工程研制需要的取样密度。     

欠观测条件下的扩展增量 Kalman 滤波方法

建立欠观测条件下的非线性增量量测方程,并给出其线性化方法,在此基础上提出一种欠观测条件下的扩展增量Kalman滤波(EIKF)模型及其递推算法.工程实际中,由于环境因素的影响、测量设备的不稳定性等原因往往带来未知的系统误差,传统的扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)无法对这种未知的系统误差进行补偿和校正,结果产生较大的滤波误差,甚至导致发散.提出的扩展增量Kalman滤波方法能够成功地消除测量的系统误差,从而有效地提高非线性滤波的精度.该方法计算简单,便于工程应用.