基于形态学与正交子空间投影的端元提取方法

针对现有端元提取方法从数据光谱或空间或特征信息的单一方面出发进行混合像元分解、不同类型端元难以区分等不足,提出一种扩展形态学与正交子空间投影结合的端元自动提取方法.利用扩展膨胀和腐蚀操作,通过计算形态离心率指数进行高光谱数据的端元数据集计算;利用光谱角匹配方法提取不同类型的端元,通过向端元正交子空间投影消除已经提取端元的影响;并通过航空高光谱数据进行算法性能验证.实验结果表明:提出方法能够实现在无任何先验信息情况下图像端元的自动提取,并且能够有效地区分相似光谱端元.     

A new algorithm for optical observations of space debris with the TAROT telescopes

Since 2004, we observe satellites in the geostationary orbit with a network of robotic ground based fully automated telescopes called TAROT. One of them is located in France and the second at ESO, La Silla, Chile. The system processes the data in real time. Its wide field of view is useful for the discovery, the systematic survey and for the tracking of both catalogued and un-catalogued objects. We present a new source extraction algorithm based on morphological mathematic, which has been tested and is currently under implementation in the standard pipeline. Using this method, the observation strategy will correlate the measurements of the same object on successive images and give better detection rate and false alarm rate than the previous one. The overall efficiency and quality of the survey of the geostationary orbit has drastically improved and we can now detect satellites and debris in different orbits like Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). Results obtained in real conditions with TAROT are presented.     

基于数学形态学的图像边缘检测技术

边缘检测通常是用类似于素描图的图像表达出物体的要素和特征。实际图像中,边缘由灰度突变的象素点组成,在数字图像处理和分析中具有重要的作用。本文综合国内外最新文献资料,分析了多种基于数学形态学的边缘检测技术:基于多尺度形态学的边缘检测、基于数学形态学多极平均的图像的边缘检测、基于偏微分方程的形态学的边缘检测、基于均衡化和数学形态学的组合边缘检测、基于坐标逻辑的多结构元图像边缘检测等技术,并综合比较了其优缺点,探讨了其发展方向。     

Modeling high-speed cutting of SiCp/Al composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model

In this paper, we attempts to investigate cutting mechanisms in high-speed cutting of Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model in the equivalent homogeneous material (EHM) framework. By combining macroscale EHM modeling and underlying microscale physical mechanisms, a feasible semi-phenomenological plastic model is proposed for prediction of cutting forces and chip morphology during high-speed turning Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites. This model incorporates the modified Weibull weakest-link effect to represent the strain-based damage evolution in large deformations. This proposed semi-phenomenological constitutive model is implemented by compiling material subroutines into cutting finite element (FE) codes. The effects of the critical shear stresses on chip formation that depend on the tool-chip frictional coefficient are accounted for in the cutting FE model. The chip formation mechanism affecting material removal behaviors during high-speed turning is further investigated. The capabilities of the proposed constitutive model are evaluated by comparing cutting forces and chip morphologies between experiments and simulations at different cutting speeds associated with strain rates. The EHM-based and microstructure-based models are further compared in both computational efficiency and accuracy. The simulation results show that the developed semi-phenomenological constitutive formalism and cutting model are promising and efficient tools for further investigation of dynamic mechanical and cutting behaviors of particle-reinforced composites with different volume fraction and particle size.     

充气卸荷开关泄漏机理分析

某发射场进行火箭发动机气瓶充气时出现充气卸荷开关关闭后泄漏故障,分解卸荷开关后发现卸荷开关阀芯导向部位存在异常磨损,且阀芯非金属密封面周向密封压痕深度不均匀,结合故障形貌,采用有限元仿真计算压痕深度,对泄漏故障的根本原因进行深入剖析。分析结果表明:卸荷开关阀芯导向部位存在微小原始缺陷,多次动作后在阀芯与壳体导向部位产生粘着磨损,阀芯在壳体导向孔中回位发生偏斜,造成阀芯非金属密封面出现不均匀压痕,最终导致卸荷开关在测试时漏率超标。     

颗粒增强金属基纳米复合材料脉冲电沉积制备研究

采用脉冲电沉积,在普通碳钢表面制备了Ni-W-P／CeO2-SiO2颗粒增强金属基纳米复合材料,研究了脉冲峰值电流密度和脉冲占空比对电沉积过程的影响,采用纳米颗粒的质量百分含量、沉积速率、显微硬度和表面形貌进行表征。结果表明：增加脉冲峰值电流密度或脉冲占空比,Ni—W—P基质金属晶粒细化,CeO2和SiO2纳米颗粒的质量百分含量提高。当脉冲频率为1000Hz,脉冲峰值电流密度和脉冲占空比分别为40A／dm^2和50％时,沉积速率最快（56．24μm／h）,显微硬度最高（712Hv）。此时,Ni—W—P基质金属轮廓清晰,晶粒细小而均匀,CeO2和SiO2纳米颗粒以弥散态均匀分散在基质金属中。     

基于数据融合的边缘检测新方法研究

基于经典形态学的边缘检测方法虽然具有较好的去噪能力,但其得到的往往是断续的,不完整的边缘信息,不能反映全部的边缘特性.分别利用改进的数学形态学的方法和拉普拉斯算法对图像进行边缘检测,然后将两种方法处理后的图像进行数据融合,实验结果表明,该方法得到的图像边界细腻完整,具有较好的抗噪性.     

Automated determination of the orientation of dust devil tracks in mars orbiter images

The paper presents and evaluates three methods for automatically estimating the main orientation of Martian dust devil tracks in MOC and HiRISE images. Inferring such information about dust devils from their tracks is important to better understand the near surface wind. The methods considered were based on gradient direction, directional openings and morphological granulometry. The accuracy of the methods was asserted by comparing the results to a set of directions estimated visually and assumed to be the ground truth. The higher accuracy was reached using directional openings. Besides, the directions inferred by this method were compared to those predicted by the GCM and the results agreed.     

A robotic telescope network for space debris identification and tracking

The two TAROT (Télescopes à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires; Rapid Action Telescopes for Transient Objects) installations are fully robotic optical observatories with optimized observation scheduling, data processing and archiving. Zadko is a 1 m telescope in Western Australia. The fully robotisation of the Zadko telescope has just been completed; it is now included in the TAROT network. In this paper we provide an overview of this international network of robotic optical telescopes. We discuss the advantages of using the network to participate in a satellite and space debris tracking program. This network will access almost all geostationary belt objects, and provide the first real-time satellite positioning capability. The inclusion of the 1 m Zadko telescope into the network significantly extends the efficiency and sensitivity of the existing two telescope configuration.     

High-entropy (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Yb0.2)2(Zr0.75Ce0.25)2O7 thermal barrier coating material with significantly enhanced fracture toughness

Poor fracture toughness leads to premature failure of La₂(Zr_0.75Ce_0.25)₂O₇ (LCZ) thermal barrier coatings in an elevated temperature service environment. A novel coating material, namely (La_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2Yb_0.2)₂(Zr_0.75Ce_0.25)₂O₇ (LNSGY) based on the high-entropy concept, was successfully fabricated by solid-state sintering. The microstructure of LCZ and LNSGY was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectrometer (RS), Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fracture toughness of the LCZ and LNSGY ceramics was evaluated. The LNSGY has excellent high-temperature phase stability, and the grain size of LNSGY ceramic is smaller than that of LCZ ceramic at an elevated temperature due to the sluggish diffusion effect. Compared with LCZ (fracture toughness is (1.4 ± 0.1) MPa∙m^1/2), the fracture toughness of LNSGY is significantly enhanced (fracture toughness is (2.0 ± 0.3) MPa∙m^1/2). Therefore, the LNSGY can be a promising advanced thermal barrier coating material in the future.