紧凑式换热器全高度传热特性研究

发展了可工程应用的紧凑式换热器传热模型,从三个层次对换热器进行讨论。针对空气循环制冷系统中的换热器,分析了二轮低压除水和二轮高压除水空气循环制冷系统中换热器的传热特性,计算结果与试验数据符合良好。该方法利用较少的实验数据即可得到全高度特性,不仅满足工程计算的要求,而且为评估换热器性能提供了理论依据。     

2.5维自愈合C/SiC复合材料的拉伸应力-应变关系

根据2.5维自愈合C/SiC复合材料的细观结构特点,基于界面开裂和基体开裂的损伤机理,分别建立了该材料经向和纬向拉伸的细观力学模型,进而得到了经向和纬向拉伸的非线性应力-应变关系,应力-应变曲线的预测结果与试验值吻合较好.结果表明:纬向应力-应变曲线的最大预测误差为9%,经向应力-应变曲线的最大预测误差约为10%,经向和纬向的应力-应变关系不同.该模型采用切线弹性模量和平均裂纹间距的方法,省去了以往模型复杂的应变计算过程,使模型得到简化,便于应用.      

喷丸对DZ4 合金旋转弯曲疲劳断裂特征的影响

对喷丸前后DZ4高温合金旋转弯曲高周疲劳断口的断裂特征进行了观察.结果表明,室温和高温(820℃)时,未喷丸的DZ4合金高周疲劳裂纹均萌生于试样表面以及与表面相连的铸造缺陷或碳化物处.Kt=1时,疲劳断口为点源,源区存在滑移平面和滑移台阶;随着应力集中水平的升高(Kt=2,Kt=3),疲劳断口向多源和线源发展,源区滑移面变小甚至消失;随着温度的升高,断口源区滑移特征明显.喷丸后,疲劳裂纹源内移,裂纹萌生于试样次表面的晶体内部或铸造缺陷处.带缺口试样裂纹源减少,起源区域缩小,出现明显的主、次疲劳源.实验证明,喷丸可降低DZ4合金表面和缺口敏感性,对裂纹萌生有抑制作用,可提高材料的疲劳性能,随着温度升高,喷丸的强化作用逐渐减弱,但在820℃仍有强化作用.     

高模量碳环氧复合材料混合模式分层断裂研究

研究了两种高模量碳纤维环氧复合材料（ＨＭ／４２１１和ＨＭ／ＴＤＥ８６）的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和混合型分层断裂行为。在研究中进行了双悬臂梁（ＤＣＢ）试验、端边切口（ＥＮＦ）试验和混合模式弯曲（ＭＭＢ）试验,以确定此两种复合材料的层间断裂韧性和混合模式断裂曲线。这项研究获得的数据和结果对于航天结构应用中的选材和工艺质量保证,以及对确定由这些材料制造的复合材料结构损伤容限分析用的设计许用值,都是很有用处的。     

基于神经网络的Haynes 282合金高温流动行为表征及其有限元应用北大核心CSCD

通过在热/力学模拟试验机上开展等温压缩试验获得了Haynes 282合金的真应力-应变数据。Haynes 282合金在高温变形过程中表现出显著的动态再结晶特性,其流动应力对热力参数敏感度较高,且与热力参数呈复杂的非线性关系。为了准确地描述和预测Haynes 282合金的真应力-应变关系,将热变形参数作为输入,将流动应力作为输出构建了反向传播神经网络。对神经网络的评估结果表明所构建的神经网络能够精确地表征Haynes 282合金的高温流动行为。通过将构建的神经网络以材料子程序的形式植入有限元软件中,建立等温压缩试验有限元模型,实现了Haynes 282合金高温流动行为的精确仿真。     

热处理制度对激光增材制造TA15钛合金力学性能的影响

进行了普通退火态和双重退火态激光增材制造TA15钛合金显微组织观察和力学性能试验.试验结果表明:普通退火态为细片层α+β超细网篮组织,双重退火态为端部带根须状形貌的初生α相+超细β转变组织构成的特种双态组织;普通退火态激光增材制造TA15钛合金极限强度、屈服强度和疲劳极限均优于双重退火态;双重退火态激光增材制造TA15...     

多孔氮化硅高温氧化特性分析

采用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、ICP 等分析手段,对某一典型多孔氮化硅样品进行4 个不同温度点的

静态和微动态连续氧化试验,最高氧化温度为1 400℃。结果表明:多孔氮化硅在0. 1 MPa 静态空气气氛下,

800℃之前,氧化反应非常微弱,800℃以上可见明显的氧化反应,1 000℃以上氧化反应加剧,增重速率加快,并

优先发生在表面与外部孔壁处,之后再发生在样品的内部孔隙处,氧化反应受界面处的化学动力学控制,以被

动氧化为主,主要生成物是SiO2,属吸热反应。当生成的SiO2 将氮化硅表面和孔壁处覆盖时,在其界面处,随

着温度的进一步升高或时间的延长,会生成Si2N2O,且需要注意防范样品可能出现脆性断裂情况。此外,同等

温度下,动态氧化气氛将加速氮化硅的氧化,特别是多孔和粉末状样品。

     

“两化”融合与飞机数字化性能样机

结合以信息化、智能化、网络化为代表的新一轮工业革命发展趋势,阐述了国内"两化"战略的内涵,给出了飞机性能样机技术的基本概念和技术框架。在对航空产业"两化"融合战略实施过程分析的基础上,系统阐述了飞机数字化性能样机技术对于深入推进"两化"融合的重要意义。     

Service life prediction of AP/Al/HTPB solid rocket propellant with consideration of softening aging behavior

The aging behavior of softening composite solid propellant was investigated by measuring its mechanical and ballistic prosperities during prolonged storage at elevated and room temperatures. Accelerated aging was conducted at 65 °C for 231 days while the normal aging was performed at 25 ± 3 °C and relative humidity less than 50% for 8 years. The mechanical properties were obtained from uniaxial tensile tests for the aged propellant specimens while the ballistic properties were determined from static firing tests of subscale motors aged for 112 days at 65 °C. The mechanical results show that the maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus initially increase and subsequently decrease with increasing aging time, while the maximum tensile strain generally increases with increasing aging time. The ballistic properties like burning rate show a small change which cannot affect the ballistic performance. The experimental results show that the changes in the mechanical properties are significant during the aging period, but the burning rate does not undergo significant changes. From this study, it is observed that the propellant ages through a combination of reactions like post-cure, oxidative cross-linking, chain scission, and hydrolysis. The chain scission and the hydrolysis effect are the most significant process, which makes the propellant soft and extendible. The observed aging mechanism has been modeled using an exponential function with two terms which can describe the complex behavior of the aging. By applying Arrhenius equation,the activation energy values were obtained based on the propellant mechanical properties. The shelf life of this propellant formulation at 25 °C is predicted to be 13 years using the modulus as failure criteria and control parameter.     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.