Magnetosphere response to the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events as observed by the Cluster and Double Star spacecraft

The four identical Cluster spacecraft, launched in 2000, orbit the Earth in a tetrahedral configuration and on a highly eccentric polar orbit (4–19.6 R_E). This allows the crossing of critical layers that develop as a result of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere. Since 2004 the Chinese Double Star TC-1 and TC-2 spacecraft, whose payload comprise also backup models of instruments developed by European scientists for Cluster, provided two additional points of measurement, on a larger scale: the Cluster and Double Star orbits are such that the spacecraft are almost in the same meridian, allowing conjugate studies. The Cluster and Double Star observations during the 2005 and 2006 extreme solar events are presented, showing uncommon plasma parameters values in the near-Earth solar wind and in the magnetosheath. These include solar wind velocities up to ∼900 km s⁻¹ during an ICME shock arrival, accompanied by a sudden increase in the density by a factor of ∼5 and followed by an enrichment in He⁺⁺ in the secondary front of the ICME. In the magnetosheath ion density values as high as 130 cm⁻³ were observed, and the plasma flow velocity there reached values even higher than the typical solar wind velocity. These resulted in unusual dayside magnetosphere compression, detection of penetrating high-energy particles in the magnetotail, and ring current development following several successive injections of energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere, which “washed out” the previously formed nose-like ion structures.     

腹部进气道电磁散射特性及RCS减缩方法研究

对建立的腹部S型进气道及前机身模型,采用多层快速多级子方法计算雷达散射截面,研究了进气道唇口斜切方式、上下唇边锯齿化、S型弯道长度、等直段安装吸波导流环和前机身形状对腹部进气道头向RCS的影响,并分析进气道与前机身的耦合散射特性。通过计算进气道参数改变前后的电磁散射特性,找出影响腹部进气道头向雷达散射截面的主要因素和RCS减缩方法,并对各种减缩方法的减缩效果作了对比分析。研究结果为腹部进气道的头向RCS减缩提供了技术依据。     

易于硬件实现的遥感图像两倍压缩算法

结合干涉多光谱遥感图像航天应用的要求,参考CCSDS标准无损压缩算法,提出了一种易于硬件实现的干涉多光谱遥感图像无损／近无损压缩算法。该算法在对12bit干涉多光谱图像进行2倍压缩时压缩性能与JPEG 2000标准算法相当,但算法复杂度和所需存储空间大大降低,在单片FPGA内部即可实现全部压缩功能,可以很好地满足航天应用的要求。     

有限元计算中应力集中问题解决方法

针对应力集中问题,研究有限元计算中优化模型的方法.综合分析具有应力集中孔薄板在不同工况下(单向拉伸、双向拉伸、拉压复合)的不同单元密度和单元质量,提出了优化有限元模型的方法.此外,对某旋转机械中转盘的切向应力进行了计算,与子模型有限元方法的计算结果进行比较,验证了提出的优化有限元模型方法的合理性.     

基于实验的发动机插板式进气畸变压力谐振分析

某型涡扇发动机插板式进气畸变实验中,当插板升高到35%以上,进气截面各个测点畸变扰动出现约为32 Hz大幅振荡.用气流压力波动方程计算了进气道容腔谐振频率为34 Hz.表明该谐振是由插板与发动机之间的容腔引起的.不同转速和流量下,计算和实验的结果都基本稳定.由分析可知:150 Hz以下脉动压力是大幅稳定和周期性的.高频部分主要是小幅随机压力脉动,其速率和加速度变化比较剧烈.在发动机喘振前,谐振频率压力振荡能量大大增加,其它低频和高频成分能量迅速减少,形成典型的谐振型压力振荡.      

大攻角条件下的二维进气道型面优化设计

基于一维气体动力学,以进气道前体楔面楔角为优化设计参数,以总压恢复系数、流量系数最大及阻力系数最小为优化目标,对二维进气道外型面进行了优化设计,并综合考虑了大攻角条件下的位于背风面与迎风面上进气道面临的不同来流条件.在优化设计中,采用改进后的NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法.在问题求解中,对NSGA-Ⅱ算法的交叉算子及优选策略进行了改进.优化结果表明.总压恢复系数与阻力系数的优化结果具有一致性,即二者可同时达到最优;第一级楔角的大小对流量系数的影响显著.对优化结果进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果表明,文中设计的型面构型满足设计要求.该设计方法可用于二维进气道型面考虑攻角条件下的初步设计.     

带导流叶排的轴流压气机级叶尖处理机匣容畸变特性

基于叶尖处理机匣轴流压气机叶排实验特性,应用畸变传递的矩阵分析模型,分析了进口导流叶排对叶尖处理机匣结构容总压畸变特性影响,初步建立了在进口导流叶排下几种处理机匣结构对总压畸变及其沿轴流压气机叶排衰减特性影响规律。计算结果表明,叶尖处理机匣虽均能有效提高压气机级的稳定工作范围,但削弱了转子叶排和静子叶排的抗总压畸变能力,这对设计合理的扩大轴流压气机稳定裕度处理机匣结构尤为重要。      

模糊变换的图像压缩方法研究

图像压缩的基础在于图像数据存在信息的冗余性,而对图像模糊的变换能够增加图像的信息冗余,为此提出在传统图像压缩方法中引入模糊变换环节,以增加图像压缩比。实验结果表明,引入模糊变换后能有效提高图像的压缩比。     

7一种双S形进气道流场特性殛控制的试验研究

In order to provide the line of-sight blockage of the engine face for an advanced Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle(UCAV), a highly curved serpentine inlet is proposed and experimentally studied. Based on the static pressure distribut ion measurement along the wall, the flow separation is found at the top wall of the second S duct for the baseline inlet design, which yields a high flow distortion at the exit plane. To improve the flow uniformity, a single array of vortex generators (VGs) is employed within the inlet. In this experimental study, the effects of mass flow ratio, free stream Mach number, angle of attack and yaw on the performance of a serpentine inlet instrumented with VGs are obtained. Results indicate: (1) Compared with the baseline serpentine design without flow control the application of the VGs promotes the mixing of core flow and the low momentum flow in the boundary layer and thus prevents the flow separation. Under the design condition, the exit flow distortion (

) decreases from 11. 7% to 2.3% by using the VGs. (2) With the descent of the free stream Mach number the total pressure loss decreases. How ever, the circular total pressure distortion increases. When the angle of attack rises from - 4° to 8°, the total pressure recovery and the circular total pressure distortion both go down. In addition, with the increase of yaw the total pressure recovery is fairly constant, while the circular total pressure distortion ascends gradually. (3) When Ma₀=0.6-0.8, α= −4°-8° and β= 0°-6°, the total pressure recovery varies between 0.936 and 0.961, the circular total pressure distortion coefficient varies between 1.4% and 5.4% and the synthesis distortion coefficient has a ranges from 3.8% to 7.0%. The experimental results confirm the excellent performance of the newly designed serpentine inlet incorporating VGs.     

超声速进气道可压及不可压流动数值模拟

采用Chio-Merkle预处理矩阵对可压NS(Navier-Stokes)方程组进行时间预处理,分析了预处理方法的物理和数学背景.用有限体积方法,结合LU-SGS(Lower-Upper-Symmetric-Gauss-Seidel)隐式时间积分和AUSM+(P)(Precondition Advection Upstream Splitting Method)格式、中心差分2种空间离散格式,求解该预处理NS方程组.通过圆弧凸包流动和二维方腔顶盖驱动流动的数值试验表明,该方法克服了传统时间迭代方法模拟低速流动时的刚性问题,加速了收敛过程,可以同时有效地模拟可压及不可压流动.用此方法与块结构化网格技术相结合,进行了在不同飞行马赫数、攻角和出口反压条件下,混压式轴对称超声速进气道三维流场数值模拟.计算结果表明:该方法能准确地捕获复杂激波系,清楚地揭示进气道三维流动现象;进气道性能随工作条件的变化规律,与理论分析一致.