亚声速二喉道流场不对称现象研究

为满足未来我国先进飞行器的发展需求,我国将考虑建设大型跨声速风洞,提高风洞试验模拟精细化水平。而第二喉道作为风洞 Ma 数控制的有效手段,被认为是提升跨声速风洞能力的关键技术之一。本文首先通过CFD 数值模拟发现了二喉道段流场在某些压比下存在不对称现象,然后,利用现有引导风洞,设计加工了 Ma=0.7的带可变中心体的二喉道段进行验证试验。试验结果显示,当前室总压达到某一值时,二喉道段流场会出现不对称现象,并前传影响试验段流场品质。最后利用 CFD 手段给出了一种无不对称现象的新型二喉道设计。     

喉栓式变推力发动机性能研究

利用建立的等效喉部面积计算方法,确定了喉栓式变推力发动机中喉栓构型、喉栓位置、喉部面积之间的重要关系,比较了不同构型发动机推力调节性能的差异。针对喉栓介入后发动机内复杂波系、流动分离等非传统流动现象开展稳态数值模拟,预示了变推力过程中发动机的整体性能;并将计算的稳态平衡压强、推力与原理样机的试验数据进行了对比,结果较为一致,验证了变推力的可行性和数值模型的有效性。所得结论可为变推力固体火箭发动机的设计、试验及应用提供参考依据。     

双喉道喷管与飞翼布局无人机气动数值研究

利用超椭圆方法,设计了双喉道射流矢量喷管的气动外形,并采用S-A湍流模型数值研究了次主流压比、次流方向及喷管外形参数对其气动特性的影响。研究表明,当确定次主流压比SPR=3时,可依次确定该型喷管外形参数分别为空腔长度l=3h,空腔扩张角θ1=10°,空腔收敛角θ2=30°,二次流注入角α=120°时,矢量喷管的气动特性最优。将设计的气动最优喷管与飞翼布局无人机后体进行一体化设计,数值模拟了喷管对飞翼布局无人机升阻特性的影响,结果表明,双喉道射流矢量喷管能够很好地运用于飞翼布局无人机。     

等熵轻质活塞风洞中主要部件尺寸的确定

等熵轻质活塞风洞是一种工作时间很短的风洞,作为气源适合于瞬时热传导测量技术的研究工作。在研究了此风洞工作特性的基础上,提出了确定风洞中主要部件尺寸的方法,为风洞全面设计提供依据。压力比P0/P和trun是确定管道尺寸的主要参数,匹配压力振荡最大振幅的允许值是确定活塞质量的关键。     

基于激波控制的流体推力矢量喷管试验

以二元收扩喷管为对象,开展了基于二次流喷射的流体推力矢量技术研究。基于试验研究,得到了不同喷管落压比、不同的二次流总压比和不同的二次流喷射角度多种工况下的喷管上下壁面中心线压力分布规律以及喷管壁面油流分布图。通过对不同工况下参数变化规律分析,给出了基于二次流喷射的流体推力矢量喷管的主次流气动参数及几何参数对流体推力矢量喷管流场结构和性能影响的关联关系。从试验和分析结果可以看出,喷管落压比、二次流总压比和二次流喷射角度等喷管的主次流气动几何参数对基于流体推力矢量喷管参数变化有明显的影响。     

C/C喉衬稳态烧蚀的工程计算

根据固体火箭发动机燃烧中氧化性组分扩散控制喷管喉衬烧蚀和Ａｌ２Ｏ３沉积对喉衬的保护，提出Ｃ／Ｃ喉衬稳态烧蚀的工程方法。３个分动机的烧蚀预示结果与实测结果吻合，该计算方法具有较高的精度。     

石墨渗铜喉衬的烧蚀特性

介绍了石墨渗铜材料作为固体火箭发动机(SRM)喉衬与．长尾管衬套的烧蚀特性和机理。液态铜在高温高压燃气的作用下仍滞留在石墨基材内，起到抑制烧蚀的效果，改善了KS-8高强石墨的耐烧蚀性能。     

石墨渗铜喉衬材料的微观结构与抗热震性能

采用粗粒级高强石墨加压渗铜工艺，制备了石墨渗铜(CIG：copper-impregnated graphite)喉衬材料。对其微观结构与抗热震性能的关系进行了研究。结果表明，由于渗铜提高了原石墨的热导率及整体增韧的综合效果，使石墨渗铜材料比通用的5种石墨材料具有更好的抗热震性能，更好地适应了小型高性能战术导弹、航天飞行器高压强大流量SRM对喉衬材料的要求。     

Sliding mode control design for oblique wing aircraft in wing skewing process

When the wing of Oblique Wing Aircraft (OWA) is skewed, the center of gravity, inertia and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft all significantly change, causing an undesirable flight dynamic response, affecting the flying qualities, and even endangering the flight safety. In this study, the dynamic response of an OWA in the wing skewing process is simulated, showing that the three-axis movements of the OWA are highly coupled and present nonlinear characteristics during the wing skewing. As the roll control efficiency of the aileron decreases due to the shortened control arm in an oblique configuration, the all-moving horizontal tail is used for additional roll and the control allocation is performed based on minimum control energy. Given the properties of pitch-roll-yaw coupling and control input and state coupling, and the difficulty of establishing an accurate aerodynamic model in the wing skewing process due to unsteady aerodynamic force, a multi-loop sliding mode controller is formulated by the time-scale separation method. The closed-loop simulation results show that the asymmetric aerodynamics can be balanced and that the velocity and altitude of the aircraft maintain stable, which means that a smooth transition is obtained during the OWA’s wing skewing.     

A hybrid attitude controller consisting of electromagnetic torque rods and an active fluid ring

In this paper, a novel hybrid actuation system for satellite attitude stabilization is proposed along with its feasibility analysis. The system considered consists of two magnetic torque rods and one fluid ring to produce the control torque required in the direction in which magnetic torque rods cannot produce torque. A mathematical model of the system dynamics is derived first. Then a controller is developed to stabilize the attitude angles of a satellite equipped with the abovementioned set of actuators. The effect of failure of the fluid ring or a magnetic torque rod is examined as well. It is noted that the case of failure of the magnetic torque rod whose torque is along the pitch axis is the most critical, since the coupling between the roll or yaw motion and the pitch motion is quite weak. The simulation results show that the control system proposed is quite fault tolerant.