粘性耗散对微管内部液体温升影响的实验研究

以去离子水为工质,流经内径分别为19.6μm和44.2μm石英管,实验研究了粘性耗散对微管内部流动的影响.采用微区热成像技术,使用红外成像仪加特种放大镜头测量了微管内部由于粘性耗散导致的温升△T,同时测量到相应的压降与流量,从而获得摩擦因子f、△T及雷诺数Re的关系.研究表明,在低Re数下,f的值与HagenPoiseuille理论预测值几乎一致;随着Re数的增大,工质与微管为壁面之间高的速度梯度引起粘性耗散导致工质温升,进而使得f的实验值增加.f的实验值与Hagen-Poiseuille理论预测的最大偏差达到15%~20%.     

高超声速飞行器相关的摩擦阻力直接测量技术

摩擦阻力是高超声速飞行器气动力的重要组成部分,也是制约高超声速飞行器发展的重要因素,因而对摩擦阻力的准确测量就显得尤为重要.简要介绍了近年国内外与高超声速相关的摩擦阻力直接测量技术的发展状况,同时对中国航天空气动力技术研究院自行研制的两套摩擦阻力测量装置作了介绍,并指出应变式摩阻天平技术是测量摩擦阻力的有效途径之一.文中给出了这两种结构形式摩阻天平的静校结果及其在高超声速风洞中的试验结果,并对结果进行了讨论.     

三维侧压式进气道的减阻研究

为实现三维侧压式进气道的减阻,采用了数值模拟和来流马赫数Ma₀=5.3风洞试验相结合的方法研究了两种三维侧压式进气道,其中之一为基准进气道,其二是在基准进气道的基础上采用某些减阻措施的低阻进气道.结果表明:所采用的减阻措施是有效的,在Ma₀=5.3的条件下,进气道的压差阻力可以减少4.7%左右,摩擦阻力可以减少约4.9%,附加阻力可以转化为附加推力,总阻力可以减少4.7%左右.与此同时,进气道的总体性能也得到明显改善.      

Transitional Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Rectangular Duct with Stagger-arrayed Short Pin Fins

This article describes an experimental study on friction and heat transfer performances of a transitional airflow in a rectangular channel with stagger-arrayed short pin fins. Friction factors, average Nusselt numbers and overall thermal performances of the transitional flow are obtained. The experimental study has showed that the pin fins enhance the heat transfer performance significantly, however increasing the flow frictional resistance considerably. After comparing the experimental results with the published data in references, it can be concluded that, in the transitional flow region, the pin fin channels of the proposed geometrical configuration could lead to a significant improvement of an overall thermal performance; for instance, the convective heat transfer performance is increased by at least 68%. By contrast, in the fully turbulent flow region, the ability of the proposed pin fin channels to increase heat transfer performances decreases as the Reynolds number increases. When Re > 6 000, the overall thermal performance becomes lower than the others.     

基于LuGre模型的飞机防滑刹车滑模控制研究

针对包含非线性和不确定性的飞机防滑刹车控制系统,本文提出了一种基于LuGre摩擦模型的滑模变结构控制器的设计方法.通过分析系统模型,离线构建了在不同速度和路面参数条件下系统的最优滑移率控制表,同时使用基于动态模型的观测器技术对轮胎/路面不确定的结合性能进行在线辨识.并利用指数趋近率的滑模变结构控制方法有效地抑制了系统的抖振.     

铝合金搅拌摩擦加工原位反应生成物颗粒增强机制

在1100-H14铝合金基体表面开凹槽添加Ni粉进行搅拌摩擦加工(Friction Stir Processing,FSP),利用Ni粉在搅拌过程中的碎化及其与基体的原位反应生成的高强、高硬的金属间化合物制备强化的表面复合层。结果表明,不同于添加陶瓷颗粒的FSP工艺,Ni颗粒能在搅拌过程中充分碎化,并与铝基体原位合成金属间化合物,原位自生的增强体颗粒与基体是以金属键合的方式结合在一起,因此与基体金属间具有良好的界面相容性和界面结构,能够很大程度上改善颗粒的强化效果。增强颗粒与基体结合界面的性质对复合层硬度的影响非常显著,为了提高复合层硬度,提出了通过原位反应获得颗粒/基体的高强界面的模型。     

微吹减阻技术影响因素的数值模拟

以NASA格伦中心的PN3和PN23型微孔壁板为原形建立"1排微孔"、"4排微孔"、"8排微孔"和"16排微孔"4种计算模型,针对不同的几何、物理参数进行了微吹技术MBT(Micro-Blowing Technique)降低平板摩擦阻力的数值模拟参数研究.结果显示:微量吹气使主流边界层近壁面流动减速,从而改变了壁面局部摩擦力的分布;不同几何、物理参数对MBT技术减阻能力的影响满足一定的规律.参数研究的结果可为该技术的减阻应用提供一定的指导.     

凸肩结构对叶片的干摩擦减振研究——理论方法

提出了一套求解带凸肩结构叶片非线性响应的时频转换方法。该方法应用数值轨迹跟踪法计算凸肩复杂接触面内的非线性摩擦力,并将其与频域内的谐波平衡法、动柔度法相结合求解带凸肩结构叶片的非线性响应,方法能够考虑叶片高阶振型以及响应高次谐波的影响,为带凸肩叶片的设计及故障诊断奠定了理论基础。      

二维可压粘流N—S方程的边界元解法

本文给出了一种求解二维可压Navier-Stokes(简称N-S)方程的边界元法。使用线化技术把控制方程变成变系数的线性偏微分方程,其基本解由组合代数的方法构造,从而给出了N-S方程的积分表达式。本文计算了几例低R_e数的跨声速翼型绕流,结果表明边界元法可以应用到可压粘流中。     

Optimization of aerodynamic efficiency for twist morphing MAV wing

Twist morphing(TM) is a practical control technique in micro air vehicle(MAV) flight.However, TM wing has a lower aerodynamic efficiency(CL/CD) compared to membrane and rigid wing. This is due to massive drag penalty created on TM wing, which had overwhelmed the successive increase in its lift generation. Therefore, further CL/CDmaxoptimization on TM wing is needed to obtain the optimal condition for the morphing wing configuration. In this paper, two-way fluid–structure interaction(FSI) simulation and wind tunnel testing method are used to solve and study the basic wing aerodynamic performance over(non-optimal) TM, membrane and rigid wings. Then,a multifidelity data metamodel based design optimization(MBDO) process is adopted based on the Ansys-DesignXplorer frameworks. In the adaptive MBDO process, Kriging metamodel is used to construct the final multifidelity CL/CDresponses by utilizing 23 multi-fidelity sample points from the FSI simulation and experimental data. The optimization results show that the optimal TM wing configuration is able to produce better CL/CDmaxmagnitude by at least 2% than the non-optimal TM wings. The flow structure formation reveals that low TV strength on the optimal TM wing induces low CDgeneration which in turn improves its overall CL/CDmaxperformance.