真空环境下行波型超声波电机的特性

真空环境下由于缺少空气介质,靠摩擦驱动的超声波电机的特性会与常态 下发生较大的变化。采用行波型超声波电机常用的三种摩擦材料（环氧树脂、聚四氟乙 烯烧结和生聚四氟乙烯填充为基的摩擦材料）对比分析了常态和真空环境下的超声波电机的 机械特性。发现除环氧胶外,其他摩擦材料制成的电机真空下的堵转力矩都有所增大,而空 载转速全部降低。为了分析变化产生的原因,实验比较了真空环境下三种摩擦材料在常规、 驻波和行波状态下的动摩擦系数,实验表明除环氧胶外其它摩擦材料的摩擦系数比常态下都 略有增大,且相应电机的堵转力矩也都增大。其次实验研究了行波型超声波电机的瞬态特性 ,当真空度增加到10 -2 Pa后,电机的起动时间和起动电压都有明显的增加,即电 机起动和运行的阻力逐步增大,导致电机空载转速的降低。最后测试了声悬浮力大小,其数 值不超过预紧力的1％,不是真空环境下特性变化的主因。导致电机真空环境下堵转力 矩和空载转速发生变化的主要原因在于摩擦材料动态摩擦系数和起动与运行阻力的变化。     

导风轮轮罩引气对离心式压气机性能影响的数值研究

为了研究扩大离心压气机喘振裕度的实用技术 ,以解决某工程设计中的问题 ,用三维粘性计算流体力学 ( CFD)计算软件对离心压气机导风轮轮罩引气措施进行了数值模拟。该项技术在应用中所涉及的设计参数经过了初步的数值试验。从数值模拟的结果中 ,可以看到该项技术对离心压气机性能改进的明显效果      

用传递矩阵法分析缘板干摩擦阻尼叶片的减振

针对在叶片缘板部位设置干摩擦阻尼块后的叶片减振效果问题,进行理论模型简化后,利用传递矩阵法进行分析计算。为了验证传递矩阵法的计算结果,利用ANSYS有限元程序对缘板干摩擦阻尼叶片减振进行计算。两种计算方法所得结果基本一致,说明适合于链状结构系统的传递矩阵法可以成功应于板状结构系统,且算法与结果均正确。      

基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法的研究

通过摩擦补偿的分析提出了一种基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法,从工程实用角度出发采用的是库仑加粘滞的摩擦模型,设计了两个观测器实现对库仑摩擦系数和粘滞摩擦系数的估计,并用MATLAB软件对转台工作状态进行了仿真,结果表明此观测器有良好的自适应补偿性能。     

圆柱状含液体介质的空间辐射器的传热效率

给出了求解典型圆柱状态含液体介质的空间辐射器传热效率的解析计算公式,降低了辐射器传热效率计算的复杂度,通过与数值计算结果的比对分析,认为用流体入口温度代替辐射器平均温度的假设在工程上是能够接受的,其引起的偏差小于5%。     

缘板摩擦阻尼器的减振实验研究

对叶轮机叶片缘板金属摩擦阻尼器进行了实验研究。着重研究了摩擦阻尼器对叶片的一阶弯曲振型的影响。研究表明,利用金属摩擦阻尼器可以有效地降低叶片的振动;通过合理选择阻尼器的质量(即正压力),可以最大限度地降低叶片的弯曲振动应力,即存在一最优正压力;并且随着激振力的增加,这一最优正压力也将随之增加。因此,它是叶轮机械中一种非常简单有效的减振措施。      

气动静/动稳定性的相关性及粘性滞后时间的研究

风洞试验证实,物体的气动静稳定性和气动动稳定性之间,存在着反向演变现象。研究表明,它主要是绕流的粘性效应诱导的气动量和它们对物体姿态运动的时间滞后引起的,并且,该气动量中的静稳定性粘性诱导量和动稳定性诱导量之间是负相关的。本文给出了相关分析以及粘性诱导量之间的负相关模式,并用作者得到的风洞动态试验结果证明了上述负相关模式的实在性。此外,还根据上述风洞试验结果,计算了粘性动态相关因子Ｋｄ与粘性滞后的     

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

Effect of scavenge port angles on flow distribution and performance of swirl-loop scavenging in 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine

Swirl-Loop Scavenging (SLS) improves the performance of 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine because the involved swirl may not only benefit the scavenging process, but also facilitate the fuel atomization and combustion. The arrangement of scavenge port angles greatly influences in-cylinder flow distribution and swirl intensity, as well as the performance of the SLS engine. However, the mechanism of the effect and visualization experiment are rarely mentioned in the literature. To further investigate the SLS, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation are adopted to obtain its swirl distribution characteristics, and the effect of port angles on scavenging performance is discussed based on engine fired cycle simulation. The results illustrate that Reynolds Stress Turbulence model is accurate enough for in-cylinder flow simulation. Tangential and axial velocity distribution of the flow, as well as the scavenging performance, are mainly determined by geometric scavenge port angles α_geom and β_geom. For reinforcement of scavenging on cross-sections and meridian planes, α_geom value of 27° and β_geom value of 60° are preferred, under which the scavenging efficiency reaches as high as 73.7%. Excessive swirl intensity has a negative effect on SLS performance, which should be controlled to a proper extent.     

G105钻杆摩擦焊接头的断裂韧度和组织性能

G105钻杆的工具接头和管体采用摩擦方式进行焊接,对摩擦焊接头进行了适当热处理.对钻杆工具接头、管体、焊合区三点弯曲试样的断裂韧度进行了测试,分析了弯曲试样的微观组织和断裂形貌以及接头焊合区韧性损伤的原因.