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71.
72.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(2):1-27
Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world. 相似文献
73.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(3):105-117
Swirl-Loop Scavenging (SLS) improves the performance of 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine because the involved swirl may not only benefit the scavenging process, but also facilitate the fuel atomization and combustion. The arrangement of scavenge port angles greatly influences in-cylinder flow distribution and swirl intensity, as well as the performance of the SLS engine. However, the mechanism of the effect and visualization experiment are rarely mentioned in the literature. To further investigate the SLS, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation are adopted to obtain its swirl distribution characteristics, and the effect of port angles on scavenging performance is discussed based on engine fired cycle simulation. The results illustrate that Reynolds Stress Turbulence model is accurate enough for in-cylinder flow simulation. Tangential and axial velocity distribution of the flow, as well as the scavenging performance, are mainly determined by geometric scavenge port angles αgeom and βgeom. For reinforcement of scavenging on cross-sections and meridian planes, αgeom value of 27° and βgeom value of 60° are preferred, under which the scavenging efficiency reaches as high as 73.7%. Excessive swirl intensity has a negative effect on SLS performance, which should be controlled to a proper extent. 相似文献
74.
针对空间数据传输与交互支持问题,介绍了CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)、IOAG/IOP(Interagency Operations Advisory Group/InterOperability Plenary,机构间操作指导组/机构间互操作大会),以及IETF/IRTF (Internet Engineering Task Force/Internet Research Task Force,互联网工程任务组/互联网研究任务组)在空间网络体系架构方面的研究进展,分析了IETF和CCSDS针对空间网络环境所发布的最新网络层协议和传输层协议.研究结果表明,IP(Internet Protocol,互联网协议)和DTN(Delay Tolerant Networking,容延迟网络)是空间网络协议体系的2个发展方向,而空间网络技术则呈现出3个清晰的发展趋势,现阶段需要重点关注路由、服务质量保证和数据流传输这3个方面的技术问题. 相似文献
75.
76.
77.
随着高速公路的迅猛发展以及计算机网络、通信等高新技术的发展 ,高速公路逐步走向智能化 ,并将最终发展成为智能交通系统 ( ITS Intelligent Transport System)。相应地 ,高速公路的收费技术呈现出网络化和智能化的趋势。文中介绍一种新型的融合式的自动收费系统 ,它采用智能卡技术 ,融合了人工收费方式和半自动收费方式 ,不仅支持现有系统的收费方式 ,而且还为将来采用电子收费 ( ETC Electronic Toll Collection)技术提供了接口功能 ,使系统具有较强的适应性和较好的扩展性 ,满足高速公路建设的要求 相似文献
78.
High-resolution simulation for rotorcraft aerodynamics in hovering and vertical descending flight using a hybrid method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A high-resolution simulation tool for rotorcraft aerodynamics is developed by coupling CFD with a Vorticity Transport Model (VTM). An Eulerian-based CFD module is used to model the blade near body flowfield, and a Lagrangian-based VTM module is employed for vortex tracking in the far wake. The coupling procedure is implemented by transmitting vortex sources to the VTM module and feeding boundary conditions back to the CFD module. The presented CFD/VTM hybrid solver is firstly validated by hover cases of three different rotor configurations. Simulation results, including the blade surface pressure distribution, rotor downwash, and hover figure of merit, exhibit favorable correlations with available experimental data. Then, a rotor operated in vertical descending flight with a fixed collective pitch is investigated. It is shown that the CFD/VTM coupling method is suitable for rotor wake simulation. Wake instabilities (far wake breakdown in hover and toroidal wake pattern in the vortex ring state) are successfully demonstrated with a moderate computational cost. 相似文献
79.
陈林 《中国民航飞行学院学报》2011,22(2):54-58
根据经济学理论,同时结合我国航空运输的特点,通过引入我国GDP和我国航空运输每运输吨公里收入两个变量,利用线性回归分析的方法建立了我国航空运输需求函数,并根据需求函数绘制了我国航空运输需求曲线,然后根据需求函数和需求曲线测算了我国航空运输需求价格弹性值。最后,对本研究需要改进的方面进行了分析和总结。 相似文献
80.
Jean-Paul Zahn 《Space Science Reviews》1998,85(1-2):79-90
While the solar convection zone is very well mixed by its turbulent motions, chemical composition gradients build up in the
radiative interior due to microscopic diffusion and settling, and to nuclear burning. Standard models, which ignore any type
of macroscopic transport, cannot explain the depletion of lithium in solar-type stars, as they evolve; neither do they account
for the observed profile of molecular weight at the base of the solar convection zone.
Such macroscopic transport can be achieved through thermally driven meridian currents, through turbulent diffusion generated
by differential rotation and possibly through gravity waves. These processes transport also angular momentum, and therefore
the internal rotation profile of the Sun provides a crucial test for their relative importance. So does also the behavior
of tidally locked binaries, which appear to destroy less lithium than single stars of the same mass.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献