Flow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holes

The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been grow-ingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining (ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed. In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well. The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole. Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and process stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach.     

热线风速仪在紊流流场测量中的应用

本文综合分析了目前采用热线风速仪测量紊流流场的各种方法,并着重指出,在高紊流度情况下,还没有比较可靠的方法。在使用目前推荐的各种计算公式时,必须首先验证其公式的可靠性,并注意其限制性条件。     

Simulation and experimental investigation on a dynamic lateral flow mode in trepanning electrochemical machining

An appropriate flow mode of electrolyte has a positive effect on process efficiency, surface roughness, and machining accuracy in the electrochemical machining(ECM) process. In this study, a new dynamic lateral flow mode, in which the electrolyte flows from the leading edge to the trailing edge, was proposed in trepanning ECM of a diffuser. Then a numerical model of the channel was set up and simulated by using computational fluid dynamics software. The result showed that the distribution of the flow field was comparatively uniform in the inter-electrode gap. Furthermore, a fixture was designed to realize this new flow mode and then corresponding experiments were carried out. The experimental results illustrated that the feeding rate of the cathode reached 2 mm/min, the best taper angle was about 0.4°, and the best surface roughness was up to Ra= 0.115 lm. It reflects that this flow mode is suitable and effective, and can also be applied to machining other complex structures in trepanning ECM.     

扇环形截面弯曲管道内的粘性流动

本文利用涡量－流函数法系统地研究了扇环形截面弯曲管道内的二次流动，计算结果表明了采用控制体积积分法对涡量－流函数方程进行离散来求解弯曲管道内粘性流动问题是成功的，这样可以避免对压力项的处理；对所得结果的分析揭示了该二次流动不仅受雷诺数和曲率影响，而且扇形中心角、内外径之比对该流动的影响也是显著的。     

Numerical study on flow control of ship airwake and rotor airload during helicopter shipboard landing

A numerical study on flow control of ship airwake during shipboard landing is carried out to address the effect of flow control devices on helicopter rotor airload. The in-house Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based solver Rotorcraft AeroDynamics and Aeroacoustics Solver (RADAS), with combination of momentum source approach is employed to conduct the helicopter shipboard landing simulation. The control effects of three aerodynamic modifications of ship superstructure, i.e. ramp, notch and flap, in different Wind-Over-Deck (WOD) conditions are discussed. From the steady simulation results, the effect of spatial variation of ship airwake on rotor airloads is concluded. The aerodynamic modifications reduce the strength of shedding vortex and increase rotor normal force through delaying and relieving flow separation, and therefore are beneficial to alleviate the limitation of control inputs. By contrast, the perturbation of unsteady ship airwake can cause the serious oscillation of rotor forces during shipboard landing. The unsteady simulations show that the turbulence intensity of ship airwake and oscillatory rotor airloading, represented by Root-Mean-Square (RMS) loading, can be remarkably reduced by the ramp and notch modifications, while the flap modification has adverse effect. It means that flow control devices have large potential benefits to alleviate the pilot’s workload and improve the shipboard landing safety, but they should be well designed to avoid the introduction of more vortex, which leads to increase in disturbance of flow field.     

Leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator

In order to promote an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil using a symmetrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuator excited by a steady-mode excitation, an experimental investigation of an SC(2)-0714 supercritical airfoil with a symmetrical DBD plasma actuator was performed in a closed chamber and a low-speed wind tunnel. The plasma actuator was mounted at the leading edge of the airfoil.Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) results of the near-wall region in quiescent air suggested that the symmetrical DBD plasma actuator could induce some coherent structures in the separated shear layer, and these structures were linked to a dominant frequency of f0= 39 Hz when the peak-to-peak voltage of the plasma actuator was 9.8 kV. In addition, an analysis of flow structures without and with plasma actuation around the upper side of the airfoil at an angle of attack of18° for a wind speed of 3 m/s(Reynolds number Re = 20000) indicated that the dynamic process of leading-edge flow separation control over an airfoil could be divided into three stages. Initially, this plasma actuator could reinforce the shedding vortices in the separated shear layer. Then, these vortical structures could deflect the separated flow towards the wall by promoting the mixing between the outside flow with a high kinetic energy and the flow near the surface. After that, the plasma actuator induced a series of rolling vortices in the vicinity of the suction side of the airfoil, and these vortical structures could transfer momentum from the leading edge of the airfoil to the separated region, resulting in a reattachment of the separated flow around the airfoil.     

变循环压缩系统涵道流动计算模型及模式转换倒流判据研究

为了研究双外涵变循环压缩系统的涵道流动匹配规律，发展了涵道流动的计算模型，对压缩系统模式转换过程中外涵道倒流问题的发生机理和影响因素进行了深入分析，总结了压缩系统的倒流判断准则，并基于简化计算模型和全三维计算结果对倒流判据进行了验证。研究结果表明，对于一定的压缩系统匹配状态，存在一个决定涵道匹配状态的临界核心机驱动风扇级(Core Driven Fan Stage, CDFS)总压比，当CDFS的实际工作压比高于临界压比时，压缩系统第二外涵道将发生倒流，反之则系统不倒流。复杂涵道系统内的流动损失和堵塞等特性对临界CDFS总压比有显著影响，为了准确判断压缩系统的匹配状态，需要对其进行精确模化。基于简化模型得到的压缩系统倒流临界线可以推广至全三维状态，本文提出的倒流判别准则具有较高的可靠性和可行性。     

几种流量测量仪表的选择与节能

对国内能源系统常用的几种工业流量测量仪表实际应用选择及节能问题，简要地进行了原理分析和实际应用分析，供使用者优选流量仪表参考。     

基于动态故障树的故障隔离程序分析方法

传统的故障隔离程序采用常规静态故障树进行故障分析，可能会导致故障原因分析不全、故障隔离路径过于繁琐等问题。提出基于系统原理和动态故障树进行故障隔离程序分析的方法，以某飞机防火系统引气导管过热探测系统故障为实例，进行系统设计原理和故障告警逻辑分析，引入动态逻辑门，构建具有顺序相关、功能相关和备份关系的动态故障树；在此基础上进行关联故障分析和排故流程图转化。结果表明：该方法能系统地、全面地反映故障触发逻辑，提供快速、准确、有效的故障隔离程序，提高飞机维修保障水平，在复杂飞机系统的航线维修领域具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。