Experimental study on plasma jet deflection and energy extraction with MHD control

This paper presents an integrated research scheme for vector deflection and energy extraction in a gas plasma jet under Magneto-Hydrodynamic (MHD) control. A MHD-controlled thrust-vector test rig was used to conduct the experimental research. A gas plasma was obtained by injecting ionization seeds of Cs₂CO₃ into the combustion chamber via artificially forced ionization. The effects of the gas temperature and ionization seed mass fraction on the plasma jet deflection and energy extraction were experimentally verified under an applied magnetic field. The experimental results were analyzed theoretically. The results showed that the deflection amplitude of the gas plasma jet and the extracted voltage signal intensity increased with increasing gas temperature and the ionization seed mass fraction. The extracted dynamic voltage signals proved that the ionization seeds of Cs₂CO₃ induced gas ionization at 1173 K. The experiment verified that it is feasible to simultaneously achieve jet deflection and extract energy under the action of an external magnetic field.     

导风轮叶片偏置对高压比串列离心压气机性能的影响

为提升高压比串列离心压气机的性能,借鉴常规一体化离心叶轮中偏置分流叶片的方法,针对某高压比串列离心压气机,应用数值仿真手段分析了串列叶轮中导风轮叶片周向偏置对压气机流场和性能的影响。通过对不同导风轮叶片偏置方案下压气机流场的分析,建立了压气机流动损失与偏置参数的关联性。研究表明:采用较大的偏置参数γ可降低导风轮叶片1前缘的激波强度,改善激波作用导致的泄漏涡破碎和流动分离,但过大或过小的γ方案中导风轮叶顶会出现二次泄漏致使低能流体的掺混损失增加;γ=65%方案压气机综合性能最佳,其压比和效率较γ=50%分别提高了1.5%和1.4%;对于串列离心压气机导风轮叶片周向位置的优化,在避免导风轮叶顶形成较强二次泄漏的前提下,应考虑采用较大的偏置参数γ,同时应防止诱导轮尾迹流体参与导风轮的叶顶泄漏。     

Sensitivity analysis of flowfield modeling parameters upon the flow structure and aerodynamics of an opposing jet over a hypersonic blunt body

Implementation of an opposing jet in design of a hypersonic blunt body significantly modifies the external flowfield and yields a considerable reduction in the aerodynamic drag. This study aims to investigate the effects of flowfield modeling parameters of injection and freestream on the flow structure and aerodynamics of a blunt body with an opposing jet in hypersonic flow. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model are employed to simulate the intricate jet flow interaction. Through utilizing a Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos (NIPC) method to construct surrogates, a functional relation is established between input modeling parameters and output flowfield and aerodynamic quantities in concern. Sobol indices in sensitivity analysis are introduced to represent the relative contribution of each parameter. It is found that variations in modeling parameters produce large variations in the flow structure and aerodynamics. The jet-to-freestream total-pressure ratio, jet Mach number, and freestream Mach number are the major contributors to variation in surface pressure, demonstrating an evident location-dependent behavior. The penetration length of injection, reattachment angle of the shear layer, and aerodynamic drag are also most sensitive to the three crucial parameters above. In comparison, the contributions of freestream temperature, freestream density, and jet total temperature are nearly negligible.     

A swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps

In order to apply the air fin successfully and ensure the maneuverability of hypersonic vehicle, a key problem to be studied urgently is the heat flux brought by the fin mounting gap. The appearance of mounting gap and fin shaft can induce many complex flow structures which need more attentions to be investigated. Under Ma 6, Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature Sensitive Paints (TSP) were applied to visualize and measure transient flow structures and heat flux distribution of a swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps. Complementarily, Reynolds-averaged N-S equations were solved with k-ω SST turbulent model. The heat flux distribution results of numerical simulation and TSP observed the change of high heat flux region with different mounting gap, both in position and magnitude. The streamlines based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and flow visualization results obtained by NPLS revealed the cause of high heat flux region. The high heat flux region in this flow field is mainly related to the reattachment of vortex and flow stagnation. The increase of gap height can lead to stronger gap overflow and shaft-induced horseshoe vortex, which are source of the high heat flux around the fin. The case with the highest mounting gap (4 mm) en-counters the most severe aerodynamic heating, both on the surface of fin and plate. Thus, under the premise of ensuring the flexibility of the fin, the gap should be set as small as possible.     

自适应流通机匣处理改善压气机性能的机理

为了探索自适应流通机匣处理形式影响跨声压气机性能及流场的流动机理,文中采用非定常数值模拟方法研究了自适应流通机匣处理对NASA轴流Rotor37气动性能的影响。数值计算结果表明:自适应流通机匣处理能有效地延迟失速并在大部分流量范围内略微提高压气机的效率。通过详细的流场分析表明,该机匣处理能有效地增大叶顶区的气流进气角度,抑制了间隙泄漏涡在叶顶通道内的发展,同时阻止泄漏涡涡核在通过激波后破碎,提高了转子顶部通道的流通能力,进而减少叶顶区的流动损失。     

小冲击间距下带倾角冲击凹柱面流场结构实验研究

针对带倾角冲击凹柱面靶板的流动特性和流场结构研究,采用烟线法开展了流场显现实验研究,重点分析了旋流产生和发展的规律。试验中通过改变冲击雷诺数、冲击间距比(冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比)、冲击角度以及凹柱面相对曲率等参数,分析了涡出现的位置、结构等随这些参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:由于冲击射流同周围静止空气之间的粘性作用、气体在凹柱面上运动、脱离的共同作用下,带倾角冲击凹柱面靶板产生了不同的旋流结构。实验中,随冲击雷诺数的增加,在冲击滞止区域两侧流体冲击靶板分离处的圆心角增大,分离推迟;由于冲击角度的影响,相对冲击角度较小侧射流与壁面分离比在较大侧提前,且在相对冲击角度较小侧更容易产生旋流结构。实验中改变的参数均影响了旋流结构及其发展特性,并且影响规律表现出较强的关联性。     

双向旋转变喉面流量调节阀热应力分析

以ANSYS软件为工具,时均化N-S方程、RNGkε-湍流模型和傅里叶热传导模型为基础,建立三维面对称纯气相流动和固体热传导模型;采用流固耦合的方法,设置流场和固体区域交界面为热耦合面,分析了喷管内流场特性和喷管体与轴阀固体区域的温度、应力分布。结果表明在喷管喉部圆柱段的温度最高,调节阀的等效喉部段和等效扩张段出现了应力集中的现象,两者都随轴阀转角的增加、工作时间的延长而增大。     

流量调节器-管路系统频率特性及稳定性

针对某型流量调节器及管路系统,建立了描述其动态特性的频域分析模型,研究了系统在入口压力扰动下的频率响应特性以及系统的固有稳定性。结果表明系统响应的谐振频率反映了管路的声学特性,而调节器滑阀的作动,对谐振峰具有放大效果。通过分析系统在不同参数下的固有复频率,获得了系统稳定性边界随入口阻力的变化规律。当入口阻力由0向匹配阻力递增时,系统不稳定的区间不断缩小。当入口阻力超过某一值后,系统的不稳定区间消失。系统产生不稳定的机理是,在一定的频率范围内,流量调节器表现出负阻力特性,且当负阻力效果超过入口阻力耗散时,所在的频率范围就是系统的不稳定频率区间。若管路长度决定的系统固有振荡频率落入不稳定的频率区间内,则系统在此固有频率下产生不稳定。     

冲压发动机突扩燃烧室回流旋涡“热缩”效应的研究

对均匀混气进口突扩燃烧室进行了数值研究，比较了燃烧状态和非燃烧状态突扩回流区。发现燃烧状态的回流区长度比非燃烧状态减小了３６％（混气当量比为０．６５）。分析了燃烧引起回流区长度减小的两个重要原因：温度梯度对速度矢量的偏折和加速作用以及热阻力作用。     

对转双旋流气动喷嘴出口后流场结构的实验研究

研究了相互逆转双族流气动喷嘴出口后喷雾的流场结构。实验中采用粒子动态分析仪（ＰＤＡ）对喷嘴出口后冷态流场结构进行了测量，给出了平均速度以及瞬时脉动均方根速度的分布情况。结果表明：对转双族流气动喷嘴出口后流场可分为初始的掺混段和后来的扩散段两个阶段，在此两阶段，流场结构存在很大差异。