带高超进气道的隔离段流动特性

用Ma=5.3的风洞实验和数值模拟研究了高超三维侧压式进气道后的了段流动特性，隔离段的长高比为8。实验结果表明，位于进气道喉道的隔离段入口气流参数沿高度有极大变化，造成隔离段内上下的流态显著不同，研究发现，隔离段进出口最大允许压比与正激波压比基本相同，用Waltrup的经验公式作等直隔离段的初步设计是合适的。     

前缘对进气道性能影响的数值模拟

应用质量平均的N-S方程和B-L代数湍流模型，在不同压缩面前缘半径条件下，以高超声速进气道的流场进行了数值模拟，对比研究了进气道压前缘半径对流场结构及性能的影响，在计算过程中，对方程中的对流项采用了空间为二阶精度的TVD格式，扩散项则采用了二阶中心差分离散。     

出流孔对内流通道壁面换热影响的实验

根据相似理论放大的模型,实验研究了带有出流孔内流通道带孔—侧壁面的对流换热特性。实验采用加热钢带法,主要在主流雷诺数为2.5×104～10×104,出流比为1.0～4.0的范围内,测量了出流孔附近的换热系数分布,重点分析了主流雷诺数和出流比对壁面对流换热的影响规律。实验结果显示出流作用使出流孔下游区域内的换热得到强化。主流雷诺数一定时,随出流比的提高此区域换热强度提高,影响范围也扩大;出流比一定时,不同主流雷诺数下,带出流孔壁面换热强度与不带出流孔壁面换热强度的比值(Nu/Nu0)基本一致,换热被强化的程度无显著变化。     

Separation control on NACA23012 using synthetic jet

A numerical study of separation control has been made to investigate aerodynamic characteristics of NACA23012 airfoil with synthetic jets. Computed results demonstrated that stall characteristics and control surface performance could be substantially improved by resizing separation vortices. The maximum lift was obtained when the separation point coincides with the synthetic jet location and the non-dimensional frequency is about 1. In addition, separation control effect was proportional to the peak velocity of the synthetic jet. It was observed that the actual flow control mechanism and flow structure is fundamentally different depending on the range of synthetic jet frequency. For low frequency range, small vortices due to synthetic jet penetrated to the large leading edge separation vortex, and as a result, the size of the leading edge vortex was remarkably reduced. For high frequency range, however, small vortex did not grow up enough to penetrate into the leading edge separation vortex. Instead, synthetic jet firmly attached the local flow and influenced the circulation of the virtual airfoil shape which is the combined shape of the main airfoil with the separation vortex. As a way to reduce the jet peak velocity, performance of a multi-array synthetic jet was investigated. Moreover, a high frequency multi-location synthetic jet was exploited to efficiently eliminate the unstable flow structure which was observed in low frequency range. Finally, by changing the phase angle in multi-location synthetic jets, highly controlled flow characteristics could be obtained with multi-array/multi-location synthetic jets. This shows efficiency of the current approach in separation control using synthetic jet.     

Numerical investigation of pyrolysis effects on heat transfer characteristics and flow resistance of n-decane under supercritical pressure

Pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuel plays an important role in the regenerative cooling process. In this article, a Two-Dimensional (2D) numerical model is proposed to investigate the pyrolysis effects on the heat transfer characteristics and flow resistance of n-decane under supercritical pressure. The one-step global pyrolytic reaction mechanism consisting of 19 species is adopted to simulate the pyrolysis process of n-decane. The thermophysical and transport properties of the fluid mixture are computed and incorporated into the numerical model for simulation. Comparisons between the current predictions and the open published experimental data are carried out and good agreement is achieved. In order to better understand the complicated physicochemical process, further investigations on the turbulent flow and heat transfer coupled with pyrolysis in a tube have been performed under various operating conditions. The results indicate that the pyrolysis intensively takes place in the high fluid temperature region. The occurrence of the heat transfer deterioration would lead to increasing n-decane conversion at the beginning of the heated section. It is found that the pyrolysis could improve the heat transfer deterioration and promote the heat transfer enhancement. Meanwhile, pyrolysis gives rise to an abrupt increase of flow resistance. The mechanisms of the physicochemical phenomena are also analyzed in a systematic manner, which would be very helpful in the development of the regenerative cooling technology.     

节流通道振动对流动振荡的数值模拟研究

在由于超燃冲压发动机空间狭小,经常通过测量节流结构的压差来反算燃料流量。然而,我们在实验中发现渐缩渐扩结构通道在振动环境中会引起燃料的流动振荡现象,具体体现在喉部两端压差发生周期性变化,导致流量测量出现偏差,甚至会导致传热恶化和结构的损坏。为了了解流动振荡的机制,我们建立了渐缩渐扩通道的三维模型,并通过实验数据进行了验证。本文分析了振动环境下渐缩渐扩通道中流体动力学特性,研究了不同条件下稳定流场和非稳定流场,分析了雷诺数和振动强度对流动振荡的影响。研究表明,管道振动方向和流动方向一致时,导致流动分离区域和主流区域周期性的运动,从而导致流动振荡现象。流体雷诺数、振动强度和振动频率会影响流动分离区域的运动,从而影响到流动振荡。本文解释了振动环境下的渐缩渐扩管道的流动振荡现象,为流量计的设计提够了理论指导。     

针对叶轮机流场分析的不同Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型评价

Spalart-Allmaras（SA）湍流模型在Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程求解中得到了广泛的应用。针对叶轮机数值模拟,国内外学者提出了很多修正的SA模型,但它们之间的对比少有研究。为此,综述了原始的SA（SA-standard）,SA-neg,SA-Helicity,SA-Ning及SA-R五种不同SA湍流模型。针对NASA Rotor 67和NASA Rotor 37,考察这五种湍流模型对数值计算稳定性的影响及对叶轮机内部流动细节捕捉的能力。研究表明：SA-standard和SA-neg湍流模型计算结果几乎相同;相比于SA-standard湍流模型,SA-Ning湍流模型计算的压比、效率和堵塞流量均较大;SA-R湍流模型模拟的激波/边界层干涉更严重,分离区域更大,计算的压比小,模型修正效果不理想;SA-Helicity湍流模型不仅能极大地提高计算的压比和流量范围,而且能提高计算的稳定性和失速工况下的计算准确性,但计算的堵塞流量和效率较小。     

鼓包诱导斜爆震波的数值研究

为实现低马赫数条件下斜爆震波的快速起爆,以及提高斜爆震波对来流扰动的抗干扰能力,提出了通过在诱导区内设置一个小鼓包来控制斜爆震波起爆的方案,并通过数值求解二维多组分欧拉方程研究了楔面和鼓包诱导的斜爆震波。结果表明：通过在诱导区内设置鼓包可实现斜爆震波的提前起爆;且在较宽马赫数范围内,其起爆位置相对固定。鼓包诱导的斜爆震波主要有强耦合和弱耦合两种起爆形式,起爆形式与鼓包和斜激波的相对位置有关。此外,来流扰动会使楔面诱导的斜爆震波剧烈振荡,不利于斜爆震发动机的稳定工作;鼓包的存在对来流扰动所引发的斜爆震波振荡具有一定的抑制作用。     

一次调节通道流阻特性的数值模拟

为了研究冷却剂在层板发汗冷却推力室一次调节通道中的流动特性，引入了粗糙粘度μR的概念及其计算式，用有效粘度μ1,eff代替分子粘度μ，导出了冷却剂在一次调节通道中层流流动的N—S方程并对其进行了数值求解。计算结果表明，利用μ1,eff＝μR μ代数模型计算得到的流动结果与试验数据吻合较好，说明冷却剂在Dh≈0．16mm--18mm的一次调节通道中层流流动时，可不计微小尺度的效应，但应考虑壁面粗糙度对流动的影响。     

涡轮导向叶片表面气膜孔流量系数的实验研究

对表面布置有多排气膜孔的涡轮导向叶片进行了流量系数实验研究，在不同吹风比和雷诺数下测得了流量系数值。并分析了各种因素对流量系数的影响程度。结果表明：在不同位置气膜孔流量系数分布规律有较大区别，孔排位置一定时，流量系数主要由吹风比决定。该实验结果对涡轮叶片表面气膜冷却的设计研究有重要意义。