动态环路法磁矩测量系统标定与误差评估

为保证磁矩和磁心位置测量精度,需要对动态环路法磁矩测量系统进行标定。在分析系统测量误差组成及其影响的基础上,提出了对动态环路法磁矩测量系统标定的方法,即采用以不同大小标准磁体为被测对象的标定方案,利用最小二乘法给出了5个标定系数值。通过测量2组用于模拟真实被测对象的组合磁体,评估了标定后动态环路法磁矩测量系统的实际测量性能。结果表明,标定后的动态环路法磁矩测量系统对偶极磁矩的测量误差不大于4.6%,磁心位置测量误差不大于7.2%。     

嫦娥五号探测器采样区快速视觉测量技术及应用

针对嫦娥五号探测器采样区视觉信息支持的需求和研制过程中的工程约束,提出了一种采样区快速视觉测量技术,研究内容包括时空受限条件下的相机标定、适应月面弱纹理的密集匹配以及AIT(总装、集成及测试)场景下的测量精度地面验证。最终在轨实现了1s内对采样区地形的快速三维重建,并对采样区景物完成了测量,证明了该视觉测量技术的有效性。     

Multilevel Tests and Measurement Evaluation Methods for the Application of Composite Materials in Spacecraft Structures

With the implementation of new-generation launch vehicles, space stations, lunar and deep space exploration, etc., the development of spacecraft structures will face new challenges. In order to reduce the spacecraft weight and increase the payload, composite material structures will be widely used. It is difficult to evaluate the strength and life of composite materials due to their complex mechanism and various phenomena in damage and failure. Meanwhile, the structures of composite materials used in spacecrafts will bear complex loads, including the coupling loads of tension, pressure, bending, shear, and torsion. Static loads, thermal loads, and vibration loads may occur at the same time, which asks for verification requirements to ensure the structure safety. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a systematic multi-level experimental study. In this paper, the building block approach (BBA) is used to investigate the multilevel composite material structures for spacecrafts. The advanced measurement technology is adopted based on digital image correlation (DIC) and piezoelectric and optical fiber sensors to measure the composite material structure deformation. The virtual experiment technology is applied to provide sufficient and reliable data for the evaluation of the composite material structures of spacecrafts.     

基于相推法的空间光载射频链路绝对延时测量

空间光载射频链路利用空间光链路实现射频信号的传输.由于采用大气信道传输光载射频信号,链路绝对延时受到大气湍流和温度等因素影响,产生延时抖动.本文采用相推法对1 km空间光载射频链路的绝对延时进行了高精度测量,测量结果与理论模型吻合,测量精度优于0.1 ps.该测量方法采用电光调制和射频鉴相实现了链路绝对延时测量,与光载...     

超声速燃烧不稳定性研究进展

对超声速燃烧不稳定性这一新兴领域的研究进行了综合评述,并对未来研究进行了展望。首先分析了超声速燃烧不稳定性现象的基本特性及其影响因素;随后讨论了超声速燃烧不稳定性的多种机理;接着概括了基于上述机理的超声速燃烧不稳定性建模;最后对超声速燃烧不稳定性还需重点研究的方向给出建议。综述表明,超声速燃烧不稳定性的现象、机理和建模都还需持续开展研究,特别需要关注的是燃烧室构型布局和燃料喷注方式对超燃冲压发动机燃烧不稳定性现象的影响,在超声速混合层和射流等典型流动中更深入探索超声速燃烧不稳定性机理,基于超声速燃烧系统的湍流时空演化特性进一步发展超声速燃烧不稳定性模型。     

大小叶片压气机级的计算与实验校验

为了考察用于压气机设计的三维计算软件的准确性,对一个低速大尺寸的单级大小叶片轴流压气机进行了计算与流动测量,基于可压缩流动,并在流动细节的层次上全面地考察了计算程序的准确性。结果表明:所用的计算程序对压气机设计点的计算较为准确,流量和压比的准确度可达1%,但对失速裕度的预估能力不足。计算程序对于内部流动细节,尤其是二次流动的模拟不够好,当压气机工作于非设计工况时,这些流动细节计算的不准确会导致整体性能上较大的偏差。     

基于DOE优化湍流模型的SERN分离点预测数值模拟与实验验证

在SERN(Simple expansion ramp nozzle)中,流动分离现象伴随着激波/边界层相互干扰、强剪切层、强激波等复杂的流动现象,导致通用的计算流体力学软件对SERN中分离点、分离区和再附点的计算精度不能满足工程需要。为了提高SERN中分离点的计算精度,基于Allamaprabhu等的研究成果,针对Menter的SST(Shear stress transport)模型,将修改湍流模型经验参数的方法运用到SERN分离流动的预测中,并利用试验设计(Design of experiment,DOE)优化方法得到了经验参数的最优组合,使计算和实验的无量纲分离点和无量纲分离点压力的误差分别降至1.99%,4.38%,压力分布均方根误差降至7.83%。     

Influence of measure-density on combustor characteristics

The apparatus of scan measurement was used to gather the temperature pattern at the combustor outlet,where the average working temperature of gas was about 1700Kand the maximum temperature was about 1 950K.Consequently,the measurement part was cooled by water or air.Usually,for intermittent measurement devices,the interval of circle angel could be changed to get a high-density temperature distribution.A continuous measurement manner was adopted to get point in circle.The angle between two measurepoints was 1.286°.The annular combustor outlet was about 40to 50mm in height,where 5or 6measure points were usually arranged.In this device,10measure points were arranged in a range of 45.5mm.Four thermocouples were arranged in circle to obtain 2 800measure-points of the temperature field in a single experiment.Data were drawn from the whole datasheet at intervals.Each group of data whose number decreased in turn,included temperature points of 2 800,1 400,700,and 350,respectively.Several groups of temperature distributions with different densities were established.Subsequently,data processing was conducted to calculate the main combustor characteristics,including arithmetic or integral average temperature,OTDF(overall temperature distribution factor)and RTDF(radial temperature distribution factor).It is found that the data from different groups with different measuring densities result in significant difference on the combustor characteristics.The veracity of temperature characteristics increases with the growing measure-density.     

取样密度对燃烧室试验测量结果的影响

在航空发动机和燃气轮机燃烧室部件试验中,取样密度会对燃烧室出口温度测量结果产生影响,如果取样密度过小,会造成燃烧室出口温度测量值与"实际值"之间偏离度过大。基于此,对3种燃烧室的试验数据进行了分析。同时将试验采集到的"高取样密度"的原始数据沿圆周方向进行均匀"拆分","拆分后"得到不同密度的"低取样密度"数据,将该数据与原始"高取样密度"试验数据的分析结果进行了对比,得出了取样密度与测量偏离度之间的关系,并给出了满足工程研制需要的取样密度。     

阶跃型边界平面干涉测量技术

为完成复杂平面样板的测量,提出了一种循环单纯形边缘特征提取及种子填充的数字图像处理技术,解决了复杂平面样板相位复原的问题;应用波长合成技术和小数重合法在相位偏移干涉系统中实现了阶跃型边界平面样板的干涉级次整数部分及小数的测量。在实验中对两种阶跃型平面样板测量的重复性达到了10nm,将其测量结果和三维纳米测量机的测量结果进行了比较,两种仪器测量数据最大偏差8 nm。分析了实验数据的可靠性以及两种测量仪器的优缺点,为复杂平面样板的测量提供了一种新的思路。