Multi-UAV reconnaissance task allocation for heterogeneous targets using an opposition-based genetic algorithm with double-chromosome encoding

This paper presents a novel multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) reconnaissance task allocation model for heterogeneous targets and an effective genetic algorithm to optimize UAVs’ task sequence. Heterogeneous targets are classified into point targets, line targets and area targets according to features of target geometry and sensor’s field of view. Each UAV is regarded as a Dubins vehicle to consider the kinematic constraints. And the objective of task allocation is to minimize the task execution time and UAVs’ total consumptions. Then, multi-UAV reconnaissance task allocation is formulated as an extended Multiple Dubins Travelling Salesmen Problem (MDTSP), where visit paths to the heterogeneous targets must meet specific constraints due to the targets’ feature. As a complex combinatorial optimization problem, the dimensions of MDTSP are further increased due to the heterogeneity of targets. To efficiently solve this computationally expensive problem, the Opposition-based Genetic Algorithm using Double-chromosomes Encoding and Multiple Mutation Operators (OGA-DEMMO) is developed to improve the population variety for enhancing the global exploration capability. The simulation results demonstrate that OGA-DEMMO outperforms the ordinary genetic algorithm, ant colony optimization and random search in terms of optimality of the allocation results, especially for large scale reconnaissance task allocation problems.     

负荷条件下注意力分配策略对情境意识的影响

为探究负荷条件下不同注意力分配策略对情境意识（SA）的影响，招募22名被试开展了3种注意力分配策略（平均分配、主次分配、多级分配）×2种脑力负荷（低负荷、高负荷）条件下的被试内双因素设计的实验任务，记录情境意识全面测量技术（SAGAT）、行为绩效、眼动和脑电（EEG）指标为因变量。实验结果表明，在不同脑力负荷下，相较于多级注意力分配策略和主次注意力分配策略，平均注意力分配策略的SAGAT得分和绩效正确率均更低、最小近邻指数（NNI）更大；在高脑力负荷下，相较于多级注意力分配策略，主次注意力分配策略的SAGAT得分更高、绩效反应时间更短并且NNI值更低；SAGAT得分与平均注视时间、NNI、θ相对功率和α相对功率均存在显著低度相关。本研究结果提示，在不同脑力负荷条件下，采用平均注意力分配策略可能导致作业人员的注意力更为分散，从而产生更差的工作绩效和更低的SA水平；而在高脑力负荷条件下，相比于多级注意力分配策略，主次注意力分配策略更有助于作业人员提取关键信息并维持更好的SA水平，但同时可能存在SA丧失的风险；眼动的平均注视时间和NNI指标以及EEG的θ和α相对功率指标具有较好的表征SA的潜力。     

Aerodynamic performance enhancement of co-flow jet airfoil with simple high-lift device

The present study performed a numerical investigation to explore the performance enhancement of a co-flow jet (CFJ) airfoil with simple high-lift device configuration, with a specific goal to examine the feasibility and capability of the proposed configuration for low-speed take-off and landing. Computations have been accomplished by an in-house-programmed Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver enclosed by k-ω shear stress transport turbulence model. Three crucial geometric parameters, viz., injection slot location, suction slot location and its angle were selected for the sake of revealing their effects on aerodynamic lift, drag, power consumption and equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Results show that using simple high-lift devices on CFJ airfoil can significantly augment the aerodynamic associated lift and efficiency which evidences the feasibility of CFJ for short take-off and landing with small angle of attack. The injection and suction slot locations are more influential with respect to the aerodynamic performance of CFJ airfoil compared with the suction slot angle. The injection location is preferable to be located in the downstream of the pressure suction peak on leading edge to reduce the power expenditure of the pumping system for a relative higher equivalent lift-to-drag ratio. Another concluded criterion is that the suction slot should be oriented on the trailing edge flap for achieving more aerodynamic gain, meanwhile, carefully selecting this location is crucial in determining the aerodynamic enhancement of CFJ airfoil with deflected flaps.     

Statistical characteristics of spray autoignition of transient kerosene jet in cross flow

To study statistical characteristics of the random spray autoignition, aviation kerosene was injected transiently into non-vitiated air crossflow in a flow reactor with optical accesses. The operating conditions were relevant to gas turbine combustor: the air crossflow pressure and temperature were in the range of 1.4–1.7 MPa and 830–947 K, respectively, and the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios were 20, 50 and 80. Statistical distributions of random ignition delay times with adequate convergence were estimated based on histograms. The dependences of the distributions on reactor pressure, temperature, and jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio were studied. The results show that the resulting distributions appear more concentrated with the increase of air temperature or jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio. And then the correlations for the mean and standard deviation of the ignition delay time sample data were developed based on the present results. Compared with the correlations of ignition delay time of homogeneous premixed gas-phase kerosene/air mixture reported in the literature, the results show a greater significance pressure dependence and lower temperature sensitivity of the ignition delay time of non-premixed kerosene spray.     

一种基于多操纵面控制分配的IDLC人工着舰精确控制方法

传统舰载机采用纵杆控制迎角,油门杆控制下滑的着舰控制方式存在着操纵通道功能耦合,航迹与姿态耦合,着舰精度不高等多种不足。受舰尾流扰动、航母甲板运动等不利因素的影响,飞行员需要进行高频次的下滑修正操纵,身心负担极重。针对这一问题,在对美军魔毯技术（MAGIC CARPET）系统构成与着舰过程分析的基础上,针对三翼面布局飞机提出了一种基于多操纵面控制分配的综合直接力控制（IDLC）人工着舰精确控制方法。仿真分析表明：基于特征结构配置（EA）解耦设计直接力着舰控制方法能够实现飞机纵向运动长周期模态与短周期模态的解耦、油门通道与纵杆通道的解耦,具有抑制舰尾流扰动、稳定飞机下滑状态、减小操纵负担的功能;而基于多操纵面控制分配的设计方案通过鸭翼正偏增升,不但充分发挥了三翼面布局飞机气动舵面增升控制的优势,还减小了平尾配平出舵量,在一定程度上减小了平尾上偏所带来的升力损失。     

Performance of Cross-Layer Design with Power Allocation in Space-Time Coded MIMO Systems

A cross-layer design（CLD）scheme with combination of power allocation,adaptive modulation（AM）and automatic repeat request（ARQ）is presented for space-time coded MIMO system under imperfect feedback,and the corresponding system performance is investigated in a Rayleigh fading channel.Based on imperfect feedback information,a suboptimal power allocation（PA）scheme is derived to maximize the average spectral efficiency（SE）of the system.The scheme is based on a so-called compressed SNR criterion,and has a closed-form expression for positive power allocation,thus being computationally efficient.Moreover,it can improve SE of the presented CLD.Besides,due to better approximation,it obtains the performance close to the existing optimal approach which requires numerical search.Simulation results show that the proposed CLD with PA can achieve higher SE than the conventional CLD with equal power allocation scheme,and has almost the same performance as CLD with optimal PA.However,it has lower calculation complexity.     

基于信息素的任务分配(英文)

针对制造系统中的任务分配问题,提出了一种基于信息素的协调方法并搭建了原型实验仿真平台。该协调方法源于蚁群的觅食行为活动,蚂蚁在觅食的路径上会留下一种特殊的化学物质(信息素),利用该介质,可以更好地在群体内部实现协调与合作。基于信息素的协调方法可以自动寻找到有效的加工单元来处理所需要加工任务,有效地克服以往存在于基于合同网协调机制中的通信信息量大等不足。实验结果证明了基于信息素的协调机制对任务分配具有极其稳定的优化能力。     

考虑功率约束的控制分配方法

根据飞机作动系统的工作原理,针对液压源能量有限的现状,提出作动系统的功率约束条件。同时考虑操纵面的物理约束,提出了功率受限的操纵面控制分配问题,并给出相应的解决方案。功率受限的操纵面控制分配方法将控制律设计与操纵面任务分配分割为两个模块独立运行,以动态逆控制律为基础,建立控制指令和操纵面间的动态映射关系,考虑操纵面的物理约束并以功率最小作为优化指标,将控制分配问题转化为一个二次规划问题,通过数值求解实现控制系统功率受限下的控制分配。仿真结果表明,考虑功率约束的控制分配方法,可以在系统满足一定稳定性及飞行品质要求的前提下,分配和管理多个冗余操纵面达到指令要求,同时实现系统消耗总功率最小,保证了作动系统的稳定性与安全性。     

气动舵面/RCS复合控制系统构型设计与仿真

针对空天飞行器再入段异构执行机构复合控制问题,基于气动舵面和反作用推力器的特性,提出了适用于空天飞行器的3种气动舵面与反作用控制系统的复合控制构型：指令型、力矩型、指令误差型,以及相应的控制律设计方法,在此基础上完成空天飞行器再入段的控制系统设计。仿真结果表明,3种构型的复合控制系统均能满足指令跟踪性能要求,其中指令型复合控制系统气动舵工作最为平稳,推力器开启频次最少。从工程应用的角度出发,指令型复合控制系统的综合性能最为理想。     

复杂动态场景下目标检测与分割算法

在动态场景等复杂条件下,往往难以对序列图像目标进行准确的检测与分割。根据序列图像中目标在复杂条件下的成像特点,提出了一种基于融合尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)流特征显著模型的动态场景目标检测与分割算法。通过对SIFT流算法表示运动特征信息的优势进行分析,并结合图像国际照明协会(CIE)Lab颜色空间的颜色和亮度特征信息,建立四维特征向量空间。利用改进的多尺度中心-环绕对比方法生成各特征通道的显著图并进行线性融合,建立序列图像的动态场景目标显著模型。最后利用均值漂移聚类算法和形态学处理实现对检测目标的精确分割。实验结果表明,相比传统检测与分割算法,该算法在动态背景与航拍等复杂场景下能够分割出更为完整的目标区域,具有良好的鲁棒性和高分割精度。