Flight safety measurements of UAVs in congested airspace

Describing spatial safety status is crucial for high-density air traffic involving multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a complex environment. A probabilistic approach is proposed to measure safety situation in congested airspace. The occupancy distribution of the airspace is represented with conflict probability between spatial positions and UAV. The concept of a safety envelope related to flight performance and response time is presented first instead of the conventional fixed-size protected zones around aircraft. Consequently, the conflict probability is performance-dependent, and effects of various UAVs on safety can be distinguished. The uncer-tainty of a UAV future position is explicitly accounted for as Brownian motion. An analytic approximate algorithm for the conflict probability is developed to decrease the computational consumption. The relationship between safety and flight performance are discussed for different response times and prediction intervals. To illustrate the applications of the approach, an experi-ment of three UAVs in formation flight is performed. In addition, an example of trajectory planning is simulated for one UAV flying over airspace where five UAVs exist. The validation of the approach shows its potential in guaranteeing flight safety in highly dynamic environment.     

Study on the lift and propulsive force shares to improve the flight performance of a compound helicopter

To investigate the effects of lift and propulsive force shares on flight performance, a compound helicopter model is derived. The model consists of a helicopter model, a wing model and a propeller model. At a low speed of 100 km/h, the Lift-to-Drag ratio(L/D) of the compound helicopter is improved when the wing provides 20.2% of the take-off weight. At high speeds, the L/D can be improved when the propeller provides the total propulsive force. Lowering the main rotor speed increases the wing lif...     

Trajectory prediction of ballistic missiles using Gaussian process error model

Ballistic Missile Trajectory Prediction(BMTP) is critical to air defense systems. Most Trajectory Prediction(TP) methods focus on the coast and reentry phases, in which the Ballistic Missile(BM) trajectories are modeled as ellipses or the state components are propagated by the dynamic integral equations on time scales. In contrast, the boost-phase TP is more challenging because there are many unknown forces acting on the BM in this phase. To tackle this difficult problem, a novel BMTP method by ...     

冲压发动机导弹爬升段和巡航段轨迹优化

为了研究冲压发动机导弹爬升段和高空巡航段的燃油最优弹道,提高射程,提出了较为通用的一体化优化设计方法。研究了冲压发动机、导弹气动力与弹道之间的耦合特性,建立了导弹动力学模型,将弹道的最优控制问题转化为参数优化问题。为求解该参数优化问题,针对传统粒子群(PSO)算法求解优化问题时存在的早熟收敛的不足,提出了一种算法结构,改善粒子群算法的性能,求其最优解。数值结果表明:改进的算法相对其他几种粒子群算法具备更优秀的性能。所优化弹道相比导弹试验数据,以飞行时间增加3.3%为代价,节约了4.46%燃油。多组高弹道的仿真结果表明,巡航高度应不超过动压边界前提下,高弹道巡航有利于节约燃油,增加导弹射程。     

无隔道超声速进气道附面层排除特性飞行试验研究

为了分析评估某型歼击机无隔道进气道附面层的排除特性,设计搭建鼓包表面附面层压力梯度测量试验系统,进行了不同飞行高度、马赫数和姿态角等工况下的飞行试验。通过对飞行试验数据的整理、计算和对比分析同型号的缩比模型风洞试验结果,研究了无隔道进气道鼓包表面附面层排除特性。研究结果表明：稳定平飞时,在亚音速范围内,随着飞行高度的增加,鼓包构型对附面层的排除效果增大,而在超音速范围内,变化规律相反;在接近马赫数1.8及以上飞行工况下,鼓包表面附面层的扫除能力有所减弱,附面层气流分离加速,进而会造成较大的进气压力损失和畸变。单纯迎角飞行有利于增强附面层的排除能力;而带侧滑角飞行时,附面层压力系数曲线的拐点沿鼓包中心线平行向“背风面”偏移,偏移量与侧滑角成正比,进气道鼓包表面“迎风面”附面层排除能力增大,而“背风面”受气流分离影响而减弱。     

基于NFTET的高超声速飞行器再入容错制导

针对以X-33为对象的三自由度高超声速飞行器,采用相邻可行轨迹存在定理(NFTET)设计了容错制导律以解决再入段执行器发生故障的轨迹重构问题。在标称情况下采用预测校正算法生成满足再入过程约束和终端约束要求的再入轨迹;当执行器发生故障时,飞行器气动参数、结构和舵面力矩都可能发生不可预测的变化,原先的轨迹不再满足制导要求,因此需要设计新型容错制导律。针对实际再入制导模型,基于NFTET设计容错制导算法对轨迹进行重构,得到满足故障情况下制导任务的可行轨迹。从仿真结果中可以看出,容错制导算法生成的新轨迹重新回到了约束范围之内,轨迹呈收敛趋势,使得高超声速飞行器从故障恢复到正常飞行状态,提高了飞行器的自主容错能力。     

垂直起降运载火箭返回轨迹不确定性优化

针对垂直起降运载火箭一子级在返回着陆的过程中存在的参数不确定性,提出了一种基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开的序列优化和可靠度评估的返回轨迹不确定性优化方法。首先,建立了返回多飞行段轨迹在确定性条件下的优化模型。然后,为同时兼顾轨迹的鲁棒性和可靠性,建立了由鲁棒最优目标函数、基于可靠度的路径约束和鲁棒等式约束组成的不确定性返回轨迹优化模型。最后,基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对鲁棒目标函数和等式约束进行量化处理,将原随机鲁棒优化问题转化为高维状态空间中的等价确定性优化问题;为提高路径约束的可靠度评估效率,基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对最可能点法进行改进,进一步发展了序列优化和可靠度评估策略。数值仿真结果表明,所提出的不确定性优化方法具有较好的鲁棒性,可以满足工程可靠性指标要求,同时还具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

纵向短周期模态试飞方法和选择

对几种纵向短周期模态试飞方法及其适用性进行了初步分析。结合实际飞行经验,提出了初步判断飞机短周期特性及选择试飞方法。     

航天飞机三维最优再入轨道及气动加热过程

本文应用现代控制理论研究了航天飞行器三维最优再入轨道和与轨道参数密切相关的气动加热过程。文中选择飞行器迎角和倾斜角作为控制变量,以飞行器气动加热率和飞行过载沿轨道积分最小作为优化性能指标,按极大原理导出最优再入轨道有约束控制的非线性两点边值问题。采用了数值优化方法——共轭梯度法求解有升力飞行器的最优再入轨道及其热过程。文中以允许误差法讨论了权系数和罚函数的选取方法;对不同速度范围研究了不同的加热模型;按热平衡方程与优化轨道同步迭代的方法求得了算例数值结果。算例的数值结果与文献[13]的量值是一致的。     

飞机纵向静稳定度补偿

讨论了利用飞行控制系统对静不稳定飞机的三种补偿方式：延迟俯仰速度反馈、迎角反印刷品几法向过载负反馈。从而改变了飞机特性，诸如减轻质量，提高升阻比，增强机动性等。最后对三种补偿方案进行了比较，采用迎角反馈补偿是最直接有效的手段，但在工程实践中，往往采用俯仰速率和迎角混合反馈补偿方式。