载人航天飞行试验任务中遥控计划正确性自动验证方法的研究

本文以我国栽人航天工程飞行试验任务为背景,讨论了在任务中遥控计划的验证内容、正确性判断准则和判断方法,并给出了遥控计划正确性验证的流程。通过在任务中实现遥控计划正确性自动验证。保证了北京中心遥控计划的正确性和可靠性,确保了飞控任务的顺利实施,大大提高了工作效率。     

Human factors quantification via boundary identification of flight performance margin

A systematic methodology including a computational pilot model and a pattern recognition method is presented to identify the boundary of the flight performance margin for quantifying the human factors. The pilot model is proposed to correlate a set of quantitative human factors which represent the attributes and characteristics of a group of pilots. Three information processing components which are influenced by human factors are modeled： information perception, decision making, and action execution. By treating the human factors as stochastic variables that follow appropriate probability density functions, the effects of human factors on flight performance can be investigated through Monte Carlo（MC） simulation. Kernel density estimation algorithm is selected to find and rank the influential human factors. Subsequently, human factors are quantified through identifying the boundary of the flight performance margin by the k-nearest neighbor（k-NN） classifier. Simulation-based analysis shows that flight performance can be dramatically improved with the quantitative human factors.     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.     

Fuzzy robust nonlinear control approach for electro-hydraulic flight motion simulator

A fuzzy robust nonlinear controller for hydraulic rotary actuators in flight motion simulators is proposed. Compared with other three-order models of hydraulic rotary actuators, the proposed controller based on first-order nonlinear model is more easily applied in practice, whose control law is relatively simple. It not only does not need high-order derivative of desired command,but also does not require the feedback signals of velocity, acceleration and jerk of hydraulic rotary actuators. Another advantage is that it does not rely on any information of friction, inertia force and external disturbing force/torque, which are always difficult to resolve in flight motion simulators. Due to the special composite vane seals of rectangular cross-section and goalpost shape used in hydraulic rotary actuators, the leakage model is more complicated than that of traditional linear hydraulic cylinders. Adaptive multi-input single-output(MISO) fuzzy compensators are introduced to estimate nonlinear uncertain functions about leakage and bulk modulus. Meanwhile, the decomposition of the uncertainties is used to reduce the total number of fuzzy rules. Different from other adaptive fuzzy compensators, a discontinuous projection mapping is employed to guarantee the estimation process to be bounded. Furthermore, with a sufficient number of fuzzy rules, the controller theoretically can guarantee asymptotic tracking performance in the presence of the above uncertainties, which is very important for high-accuracy tracking control of flight motion simulators.Comparative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which can guarantee transient performance and better final accurate tracking in the presence of uncertain nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties.     

飞行高度对固体火箭两相喷焰流动与辐射的影响

固体火箭发动机喷焰的辐射特性对火箭目标探测与跟踪识别具有重要工程意义。本文针对某模型固体火箭发动机,基于欧拉离散相模型描述气-固两相相互作用,采用详细化学反应机理计算喷焰复燃效应,基于逐线积分法+米散射理论求解气体及粒子辐射物性参数,通过视在光线法计算辐射传输,并利用测量数据验证了本文模型的适用性,仿真分析了不同飞行高度对气固两相喷焰流动及辐射特性的影响。研究结果表明：随着飞行高度增加,喷焰中燃气与固体颗粒间相互作用减弱,且粒径越大的粒子与燃气间差异越大;两相喷焰受不同飞行高度上掺混与复燃效应程度差异的影响,致其温度分布和不同组分浓度分布存在显著差异;各高度下两相喷焰光谱辐射呈现气体选择性发射谱结构,其中高温Al2O3对辐射贡献主要集中在短波,且高度越高,影响越小;不同谱带间辐射特性受不同组分发射带影响而存在差异,且2.7μm和4.3μm两个主要发射带的辐射峰值出现在不同飞行高度。     

第二代490N轨控发动机研制及在轨飞行验证

490N液体火箭发动机被广泛使用于航天器远地点机动入轨或者为其他轨道机动提供推力。我国第一代490N发动机真空比冲为304.7s,曾经成为制约我国航天器寿命上台阶的技术瓶颈,因此开展了基于铌合金材料的高性能第二代490N发动机研制工作,比冲提高10s。对第二代490N轨控发动机的研制和在轨飞行验证结果进行了总结和分析。第二代490N发动机研制过程中突破了高性能喷注器、耐高温材料及涂层、发动机头部喷注器法兰和燃烧室壁面结构温度控制、抗高量级力学环境能力以及热防护罩等多项关键技术,真空比冲达到了317.8s,单台发动机累计199次启动工作寿命40000s以上,工作性能达到国际同等水平。     

涡轮风扇发动机飞机性能换算方法研究

利用因次分析的方法，推导出了涡轮风扇发动机的换算系数，由此得出了涡轮风扇发动机飞机性能换算的基本准则及换算参数，即涡轮风扇发动机飞机的运动相似条件，并给出了部分换算公式。以此为基础，可以将实际条件上得到的涡轮风扇发动机飞机的性能参数换算例到标准条件。经某型收音机的试飞证明，该换算方法正确，结果可靠，完全能够为收音机定型及性能比较提供依据。     

Y7—100飞机飞行模拟器飞行体会

Ｙ７—１００飞机飞行模拟器是我国自行研制的首台民机飞行模拟器。本文主要介绍了该模拟器系统的组成和基本性能，同时也介绍了作者在参与模拟器的调试飞行中，对其操纵特点和飞行品质的一些粗浅感受以及使用模拟器进行训练的优越性（如缩短训练周期、安全可靠和能提高飞行训练质量等）。     

Y7H─500型飞机高速特性适航试飞

根据民用飞机在投入营运之前，要按飞机适航标准进行适航取证试飞的要求，对Ｙ７Ｈ－５００型飞机进行了高速特性适航试飞验证。简要介绍了试验机概况、试飞方法和测试技术；讨论了Ｙ７Ｈ－５００型飞机的高速特性。试验结果表明，Ｙ７Ｈ－５００型飞机的高速特性符合ＣＣＡＲ－２５部要求。     

航空事业发展中的飞行试验研究技术

本文根据国内、外航空事业发展的实践,简要地阐述了飞行试验研究技术在航空事业发展中的地位、作用和特点以及我国飞行试验研究技术的现状和差距,并提出了一些发展建议,供制订有关航空技术发展政策和规划时参考。