军用飞机机载设备振动试验要求和有关问题的讨论(二):GJB 150.16/16A中军用直升机和各种军用飞机发动机设备的振动试验要求及对比分析

文章分为3部分:第1部分简单介绍振动类型、振动引起的失效模式和应用,特别是列表详细介绍了GJB 150.16和GJB 150.16A中规定或推荐的军用喷气式飞机和螺旋桨飞机设备及其外挂和外挂上的设备的振动试验要求、特点和两标准中相关内容的对比分析;第2部分则详细介绍了两标准中规定或推荐的军用直升机和各类飞机发动机设备的振动试验要求、特点以及相关内容的对比分析;第3部分介绍和分析了航空装备研制生产中这2个标准的应用情况和遇到的问题,对一些重大问题进行了分析概括并提出了一些看法和建议。此为第2部分。     

2~2值时序逻辑电路的研究及应用

本文讨论了由两位二值触发器构成具有2~2值功能触发器及移位寄存器的方法,给出了它们的时序状态表或流程图。最后还讨论了2~2值移位寄存器在伪随机序列及数据加密中的初步应用。     

动力学缩聚模型修正的矩阵逼近法

为避免结构动力学分析中修正有限元模型时的大型稠密矩阵运算,研究了一种用基于矩阵逼近的有限元缩聚模型修正法。根据有限元模型的缩聚和修正,给出了试验模态的扩阶、物理模态到广义模态的映射和矩阵逼近,并讨论了结构存在重频时模态的相关性。算例表明,该法可行。     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室冷态突扩气固多相流动的数值模拟

基于欧拉-欧拉双流体方法,建立固体火箭发动机燃烧室轴对称突扩气固多相流动的统一二阶矩两相湍流模型,采用k-ε双方程模拟气相湍流流动和颗粒相湍流雷诺应力kpg方程描述大尺度颗粒湍流运动、小尺度颗粒各向异性弥散特性以及气固相间作用。数值模拟了突扩流动中的颗粒轴向、径向平均速度和脉动速度以及颗粒-气相脉动速度关联轴向分量的分布特性,计算结果与试验吻合较好。研究结果表明:颗粒轴向速度脉动大于径向速度脉动,轴向平均速度梯度影响脉动速度峰值的发生位置和大小;两相脉动速度关联轴向分量大约是径向分量的2倍。     

固体火箭冲压发动机固定几何喷管设计问题(英文)

针对现有弹用固体火箭冲压发动机普遍采用的固定几何不可调节喷管,基于流量平衡的基本原理,建立了其理论设计及性能评估的数学模型。结合当前中远程空空导弹提出的Ma=2~3.5宽速度范围设计需求,运用所建立设计模型对实例设计方案开展了计算分析。结果表明,现有固定几何喷管本质上是为满足低速正常接力而折中设计出的,在高速巡航时,因扩张比偏小,不仅喷管出口气流速度和冲量小,而且导致燃烧室压强降低,还额外造成进气道结尾正激波总压损失加大,不能将进气道保有的捕获高速来流动能充分发挥出来。原设计方案在Ma=3.5高速巡航时,进气道实际总压恢复性能对比方案中的最大总压恢复性能水平,相对损失幅度高达42.67%,而且冲压发动机推力与其可能达到的最大值对比,相对损失幅度也高达31.8%。因此建议采用喷管调节技术来解决此类问题。     

系统安全性评估中飞行机组人为因素的分析方法

随着飞机系统日益高度综合复杂和自动化水平逐渐提高,飞行员在应对失效或应急情况时往往准备不足,纠正动作可能是不正确、不及时或不完整的,因此系统安全性评估中迫切需要考虑飞行机组人为因素问题。通过分析CCAR25.1309（b）和（c）条款的要求和飞行机组对失效的处理过程,基于功能危险性评估中的失效状态,提出人为因素需求的捕获方法和人为因素分析方法;通过在型号中应用这些方法,从失效状态向告警和程序的角度实现安全性正向设计,建立安全性评估中飞行机组人为因素的完整适航符合性证据链。结果表明：本文提出的方法可有效表明对CCAR25.1309（b）和（c）条款中人为因素相关的适航符合性。     

Integrity of sulfur concrete subjected to simulated lunar temperature cycles

In view of potential application as a construction material on the lunar surface the mechanical integrity of sulfur concrete was evaluated after being subjected to simulated temperature cycles. Here, small cubes of sulfur concrete were repeatedly cycled between room (20 °C) and liquid nitrogen (−191 °C) temperatures after which they, and non-cycled cubes, were evaluated by compression testing. The compression strength of the non-cycled samples averaged ∼35 MPa (5076 psi) before failing whereas the cycled samples fractured at about 7 MPa (1015 psi). Microscopic examination of the fracture surfaces from the cycled samples showed clear de-bonding of the sulfur from the aggregate whereas it was seen adhering in those non-cycled. Based on a simple analysis it was concluded that the large strength discrepancy between cycled and non-cycled samples is due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials constituting the concrete.     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.     

Influences of Form and Function on the Acceptability of Projective Prepositions in Swedish

Abstract

Projective prepositions express the relation between two objects by referring to a direction in space and have traditionally been regarded as expressing purely geometric relations. Recent studies have shown that the appropriateness of English and Spanish projectives also depends on functional relations between objects. This study investigates if the acceptability of the Swedish projectives över, under, ovanför and nedanför are influenced by functional factors as well, and whether över and under are differentially influenced by function than ovanför and nedanför, as has been shown for their English cognates. It also investigates how the shape and parts of the related objects influence their functional interaction, and thereby the acceptability of the prepositions. This is done with respect to the predictions of the AVS-model, a model of the perceptual processes underlying the apprehension of projectives, which takes both the geometric and the functional relation between objects into account. It was found that acceptability judgments about the prepositions are influenced by function as their corresponding English and Spanish prepositions. The acceptability of över was more sensitive to function than ovanför, whereas under and nedanför were not differentially influenced by function, as has been shown for Spanish. It was further found that the shape and parts of both of the related objects influence acceptability regions associated with the prepositions in predictable ways, as functional interactions between objects largely depend on their parts. The results finally show that the AVS-model needs to be further developed in order to account for the form and function of the located object.     

航空发动机机载健康管理系统设计方法

为解决航空发动机机载健康管理系统正向设计流程不清晰、设计需求不明确、需求设计对应及追溯不规范的问题，在对 比国内外现有健康管理功能架构体系的基础上，结合正向设计中需求捕获、需求分析和功能分配，研究了由上到下的航空发动机 健康管理系统正向设计基本流程，开发了航空发动机健康管理正向设计流程平台，实现了机载功能架构的设计。引入基于模型的 系统工程思想，采用面向对象的工程设计思路，建立功能目标量化、功能描述、模块定义等图形化设计方法，验证了该设计方法在 硬件设计中的可用性。通过研究航空发动机机载健康管理系统设计方法并分析机载功能组成，建立了可扩展的流程平台，基于模 型设计方法建立了可用的硬件设计模型，可为航空发动机机载健康管理系统设计提供参考。