柔性空间机械臂动力学模型

本文叙述三种柔性空间机械臂的动力学模型,它们的差异在于用不同的方法描述机械臂的弹性变形,即用有限元法、集中参数法和解析法。     

Analysis and experiments for delay compensation in attitude control of flexible spacecraft

Space vehicles are often characterized by highly flexible appendages, with low natural frequencies which can generate coupling phenomena during orbital maneuvering. The stability and delay margins of the controlled system are deeply affected by the presence of bodies with different elastic properties, assembled to form a complex multibody system. As a consequence, unstable behavior can arise. In this paper the problem is first faced from a numerical point of view, developing accurate multibody mathematical models, as well as relevant navigation and control algorithms. One of the main causes of instability is identified with the unavoidable presence of time delays in the GNC loop. A strategy to compensate for these delays is elaborated and tested using the simulation tool, and finally validated by means of a free floating platform, replicating the flexible spacecraft attitude dynamics (single axis rotation). The platform is equipped with thrusters commanded according to the on–off modulation of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control law. The LQR is based on the estimate of the full state vector, i.e. including both rigid – attitude – and elastic variables, that is possible thanks to the on line measurement of the flexible displacements, realized by processing the images acquired by a dedicated camera. The accurate mathematical model of the system and the rigid and elastic measurements enable a prediction of the state, so that the control is evaluated taking the predicted state relevant to a delayed time into account. Both the simulations and the experimental campaign demonstrate that by compensating in this way the time delay, the instability is eliminated, and the maneuver is performed accurately.     

飞机数字化装配自动钻铆技术及其发展

简述了国外自动钻铆技术发展历程,介绍了我国自动钻铆技术的发展现状,简要分析了自动钻铆技术工艺过程,指出自动钻铆技术在保证飞机制造寿命、提高装配效率等方面的意义;对自动钻铆关键技术组成,如柔性工艺装备技术等进行了概述分析.针对国内飞机自动化装配尚处于起步阶段的现状和大飞机研制生产的需求,提出了我国自动钻铆技术向数字化、柔性化方向集成发展的建议.     

复合材料圆筒结构脱层损伤识别研究

针对复合材料圆筒结构,讨论了基于模态柔度曲率矩阵的无损检测方法。通过模态分析获得脱层复合材料圆筒的各阶固有频率及节点振型,计算得到轴向和周向柔度曲率矩阵来判断损伤。研究表明:轴向和周向柔度曲率矩阵两种方法均可达到精确识别脱层位置及大小的效果,且越靠近外筒壁,柔度曲率矩阵图突变越大,越易检测。相对而言,轴向柔度曲率Fc在脱层位置突变远大于周向柔度曲率Fd,更易判断损伤。但当损伤发生在沿轴线固定端边界时,轴向柔度曲率Fc本身就有较小突变,应用周向柔度曲率Fd识别防止误判。     

An analysis of the flexibility modeling of a net for space debris removal

Operational spacecraft are facing a risk of collision with space debris objects. The net capturing method has been proposed to mitigate this risk on spacecraft. The mass-spring model is usually applied for net modeling by discretizing a cable into one or several mass-spring-damper elements in simulation. The absolute nodal coordinates formulation (ANCF) has also been applied to model the net, and this model is able to describe the flexibility of a net using less elements. However, the influence on the net behavior in simulation by the flexibility modeling of a net is not well understood and barely discussed. In this paper, flexibility models of a net are established based on the mass-spring model and the ANCF model,respectively. The influence on the net behavior by the flexibility modeling is, for the first time, analyzed via simulations. Two case studies of capturing a ball and a cube shaped targets are performed. It is found that the flexibility modeling has little influence on the net dynamics in simulation. Finally, the characteristics and benefits of the ANCF model are described and analyzed. A drawback of the ANCF model was found to be its inferior computational performance.     

紧固件柔度系数研究

在飞行器结构中普遍采用紧固件进行结构连接,紧固件的柔度系数是分析紧固件连接细节部位疲劳强度的重要参数.通常,确定紧固件柔度系数的方法多基于试验,但是这需要做大量的试验,耗费巨大.因此希望通过理论方法对紧固件柔度系数进行研究,获得新的计算紧固件柔度系数的方法,以达到减少试验和节省时间的目的.运用材料力学和弹性理论知识,推...     

挠性空间飞行器的能控性程度和能观性程度

本文研究了挠性空间飞行器的能控性和能观性程度,并应用所得的结果,研究了控制器(观测器)配置的问题。本文还通过一个实际例子说明了所得结果的正确性和实用性。     

Aerodynamic periodicity of transient aerodynamic forces of flexible plunging airfoils

For flapping micro-air vehicles, periodical aerodynamics in every plunging period is always desired in the design of aircraft controlling system. During the periodic plunges of rigid airfoil, either periodical or non-periodical aerodynamic forces can be generated. Real airfoils are usually flexible so that the effect of flexibility on unsteady characteristics of aerodynamic periodicity should be considered. In this study, a fluid structure interaction analysis is employed to systematically investigate the aerodynamic periodicity of a periodically plunging flexible airfoil. The influences of several dimensionless kinematic and structural parameters on aerodynamic periodicity are investigated. The results show that the aerodynamic periodicity of plunging flexible airfoil qualitatively resembles that of rigid airfoil as the mechanisms contributing to aerodynamic periodicity are kept for airfoil with various flexibilities. However, aerodynamic periodicity at small plunging amplitude and high Reynolds number can be improved as airfoil becomes medium flexible but worsened as airfoil is very flexible. The reason is that the deformation of the airfoil changes the strength and structure of the nearby vortices, thereby leading to weak vortex–vortex and vortex–airfoil interactions. The extent of improvement in aerodynamic periodicity is also found significantly influenced by incoming velocity.     

带有柔性补偿的柔性关节空间机器人的增广自适应控制及关节振动抑制

The problems of joint motion control and flexible vibration suppression of a flexible joint space based robot for manipulating an unknown payload are studied. Based on the system linear momentum conservation and the Lagrange method, the under actuated dynamics model of the space robot is established. For convenience of the design of its control system, the system is divided into both fast and slow subsystems by using the joint flexibility compensation technique and the singular perturbation theory. A torque differential feedback controller is proposed for the fast subsystem to suppress the joints’ flexible vibration, meanwhile an adaptive control scheme based on the augmentation approach is designed for the slow subsystem to realize the joint trajectory asymptotic tracking under the condition of unknown payload parameters. Because of introduction of the flexibility compensation technique, the presented control scheme can equivalently increase the joint stiffness, and it is suitable to control the space robot systems with low joint stiffness. Moreover, the effect of unknown parameters is real time compensated by its adaptive controller, and then the specified joint motion task is achieved precisely. The effectiveness of the scheme is verified by the corresponding simulation results.     

含多间隙柔性可展帆板动力学建模及仿真

为研究柔性和多级铰链间隙对帆板展开过程动力学特性的影响，以月球车两级往复可展太阳帆板为研究对象，采用修正Coulomb模型表述摩擦力，通过接触碰撞力描述间隙，运用有限元法进行帆板柔性化，进而建立多间隙-柔性耦合的动力学模型。采用变步长伦哥库塔法进行数值求解，模拟帆板展开过程，分析了多间隙和柔性对帆板质心加速度、铰链间隙碰撞力等参数的影响。结果表明，在保证展开机构刚度要求的前提下，帆板柔性可补偿因铰间隙引起的加速度波动，减弱间隙处碰撞的剧烈程度，减小碰撞力幅值，进而改善帆板展开机构的动态特性。研究结果可用于指导月球车两级往复可展太阳帆板等同类型的可展机构动态优化设计。