Progress on Microgravity Sciences in China

The main progress of the research activities on microgravity fluid physics, combustion, biotechnology research and fundamental Physics in China are briefly summarized in the present paper. The major space missions and experimental results obtained on board the Chinese recoverable/nonrecoverable satellites and the Chinese manned spaceship named "Shen Zhou" are presented summarily. The recent main activities of the ground-based studies in China are introduced in brief.     

Numerical simulation of broken pin effects on the flow field and cooling performance of a double-wall cooling configuration

In this paper, the flow characteristics of the double wall structure are presented and the effect of the broken pin size on the cooling performance and flow field of the double wall configuration is investigated. A periodic plate model with seven units is adopted, and there are an impingement hole and a film hole in each unit. Under five blowing ratios, six different sizes of the broken pin are compared, and the double wall configuration without broken pins is taken as the baseline. The results show that if the broken pins height is too small, the cooling effectiveness usually cannot be improved. With the presence of broken pins with a height of more than 0.4, the effectiveness is improved due to the enhancement of reattachment and recirculation of coolant. With the increase of the broken pin height, the cooling effectiveness increases. However, the increase of the diameter does not always improve the cooling performance, since the limiting effect of the wall jet. In this study, Case 6 with the largest broken pin always has the best cooling performance, but also the largest flow resistance. In Case 6 temperature is reduced by almost 15 K compared to the baseline, and more areas have relatively higher cooling effectiveness.     

A transient bulk flow model with circular whirl motion for rotordynamic coefficients of annular seals

Bulk flow model with perturbation simplification has been used to calculate rotordynamic coefficients in annular seals which have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of rotors in turbomachinery. In this work, a transient bulk flow model with arbitrary rotor motion is developed, and the boundary conditions and friction factor in the model are calibrated with steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical solution scheme is developed based on the finite element method to obtain the transient reaction force in the seal clearance. With a periodic circular rotor orbit, the transient forces at multiple whirling frequencies are used to evaluate the rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage flowrate of CFD analysis has good agreement with experimental results and the calibrated parameters in bulk flow model are dependent on operating conditions. Although CFD calibration improves the accuracy of the perturbed bulk flow model, the direct damping is overestimated and the cross-coupled damping is underestimated. Compared with the perturbed model, the predictions of the transient bulk flow model are more agreeable with the experiment.     

运动不同时期的补液与补糖

目的 机体内能源物质的含量及微循环的平衡是影响竞技能力、状态、和恢复的主要因素。科学训练结合合理营养可明显提高运动能力。方法 分析人体处于运动不同时期的生理、生化特点，以及高热环境下排汗引起的水分、无机盐和电解质丢失的状况。结果 提出了在运动前、运动时和运动后补糖与补液的特点及方案。结论 建议设计特殊的饮料以满足比赛各阶段对糖和营养液的需要。     

非线性晃动问题的ALE边界元方法

利用ＡＬＥ（任意的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ－Ｅｕｌｅｒ）边界元方法数值求解了具有自由液面的非线性晃动问题，即受外力激励下流体的非线性振动问题。把ＡＬＥ有限元方法的思想应用到边界元方法中，得到了ＡＬＥ边界元方法。对于自由液面的非线性动力边界条件，应用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ加权方法进行了有限元数值离散。为了增加求解精度，对动力边界条件提出了增加误差修正项的数值求解方法。对时间变量采用Ｎｅｗｍａｒｋ方法进行离散。推导了系统非线性方程的预测－多次校正法迭代格式。进行了算例分析与比较，得到了令人比较满意的结果。     

斜切喷管性能计算

介绍了一种斜切喷管流场计算的新方法,即采用轴对称无粘流动模型,喷管喉部区域用Kliegel提出的小参数法求解,超音速段用MacCormack二步显格式空间步进求解。在流场计算的基础上,进行了斜切喷管的性能计算。     

Impact of the thermal effect on the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair for an aviation axial-piston pump

A thermal hydraulic model based on the lumped parameter method is presented to analyze the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair in an aviation axial-piston pump under specified operating conditions. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the thermal hydraulic model. The results illustrate that the squeezing force and thermal wedge bearing force are the main factors that affect the film thickness and load-carrying capacity. At high oil temperature and high load pressure, the film thickness decreases with increasing clamping force due to a combined action of the squeezing bearing force and the thermal wedge bearing force, but the load-carrying capacity will increase. An increase of the film thickness is proven to be beneficial under high shaft rotational speed but especially dangerous as it strongly increases the ripple amplitude of the film thickness, which leads to decreasing the load-carrying capacity. The structural parameters of the slipper can be optimized to achieve desired performance, such as the slipper radius ratio and orifice length diameter ratio. To satisfy the requirement of the load-carrying capacity, the slipper radius ratio should be selected from 1.4 to 1.8, and the orifice length diameter ratio should be selected from 4 to 5.     

超临界二氧化碳-乙酸乙酯-水体系的相平衡

在液相循环高压相平衡测定装置上，测定了超临界二氧化碳—乙酸乙由二元体系，在温度为313．15K、318．15K和323．15K，压力为7．14—9．02MPa下的气--液相平衡数据。此外，还测定了超临界二氧化碳—乙酸乙酯—水三元体系，在温度为313．15K、318．15K和323．15K，压力为8．89--11．91MPa下的气液相平衡数据。分别讨论了操作条件（温度和压力）对气相乙酸乙酯的摩尔分率、分离因子和气相无CO2基乙酸乙由的摩尔分率的影响。     

Low-frequency unsteadiness of vortex wakes over slender bodies at high angle of attack

A type of flow unsteadiness with low frequencies and large amplitude was investigated experimentally for vortex wakes around an ogive-tangent cylinder. The experiments were carried out at angles of attack of 60–80 and subcritical Reynolds numbers of 0.6–1.8×105. The reduced frequencies of the unsteadiness are between 0.038 and 0.072, much less than the frequency of Karman vortex shedding. The unsteady flow induces large fluctuations of sectional side forces. The results of pressure measurements and particle image velocimetry indicate that the flow unsteadiness comes from periodic oscillation of the vortex wakes over the slender body. The time-averaged vortex patterns over the slender body are asymmetric, whose orientation is dependent on azimuthal locations of tip perturbations. Therefore, the vortex oscillation is a type of unsteady oscillation around a time-averaged asymmetric vortex structure.     

On developing data-driven turbulence model for DG solution of RANS

High-order Discontinuous Galerkin(DG) methods have been receiving more and more attentions in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) because of their high-accuracy property. However, it is still a challenge to obtain converged solution rapidly when solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations since the turbulence models significantly increase the nonlinearity of discretization system. The overall goal of this research is to develop an Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) model with low complexity acting as an algebraic turbulence model to estimate the turbulence eddy viscosity for RANS. The ANN turbulence model is off-line trained using the training data generated by the widely used Spalart–Allmaras(SA) turbulence model before the Optimal Brain Surgeon(OBS) is employed to determine the relevancy of input features.Using the selected relevant features, a fully connected ANN model is constructed. The performance of the developed ANN model is numerically tested in the framework of DG for RANS, where the‘‘DG+ANN method provides robust and steady convergence compared to the ‘‘DG+SA method. The results demonstrate the promising potential to develop a general turbulence model based on artificial intelligence in the future given the training data covering a large rang of flow conditions.