运动不同时期的补液与补糖

目的 机体内能源物质的含量及微循环的平衡是影响竞技能力、状态、和恢复的主要因素。科学训练结合合理营养可明显提高运动能力。方法 分析人体处于运动不同时期的生理、生化特点，以及高热环境下排汗引起的水分、无机盐和电解质丢失的状况。结果 提出了在运动前、运动时和运动后补糖与补液的特点及方案。结论 建议设计特殊的饮料以满足比赛各阶段对糖和营养液的需要。     

Progress on Microgravity Sciences in China

The main progress of the research activities on microgravity fluid physics, combustion, biotechnology research and fundamental Physics in China are briefly summarized in the present paper. The major space missions and experimental results obtained on board the Chinese recoverable/nonrecoverable satellites and the Chinese manned spaceship named "Shen Zhou" are presented summarily. The recent main activities of the ground-based studies in China are introduced in brief.     

时空守恒元和解元方法的爆震波一维数值模拟

运用基元化学反应模型和流体力学的基本原理，建立了脉冲爆震发动机一维非定常反应流数学模型。应用一种改进的时空守恒元和解元(CESE)方法建立控制方程的差分格式，针对化学反应源项的刚性问题，在对非线性源项进行线性化处理的基础上，应用隐式梯形方法实现源项的积分。对氢氧爆震波的形成和传播过程进行数值计算，结果表明，应用CESE方法和基元化学反应模型能够成功地模拟氢氧爆震波的精细结构。     

流体拓扑优化方法及其在叶轮机械中的应用

相比于结构拓扑优化,流体拓扑优化的发展较为滞后。为了促进流体拓扑优化在叶轮机械领域的应用,根据公开资料中的研究成果,首先介绍了该方法的理论基础,包括优化问题数学模型、流动控制方程及求解方法、灵敏度分析技术、优化不稳定问题的预防措施及几何重构方法。然后总结归纳了流体拓扑优化在叶轮机械气动热力学领域的研究现状,通过对涡轮叶片内部冷却结构、涡轮叶片叶顶结构以及离心压气机弯道设计的描述,指出该方法的技术优势。研究表明,相比于传统形状和尺寸优化方法,拓扑优化具有更高的设计自由度,且突破了结构参数化的限制,有助于挖掘具有优良性能的新型结构。最后,对流体拓扑优化方法在未来叶轮机械设计中的发展进行了展望。     

流体注入的轴对称矢量喷管三维流场计算

采用Roe通量差分分裂格式对基于流体注入控制的轴对称矢量喷管内流场进行了数值模拟。流体注入的位置分别为前孔和后孔,注气压强比为0.75～2.0,注气流量比为2.5％～10.0％,矢量角变化范围为2.8°～7.8°。计算结果表明:随着注气流量和注气压强增加,流体注入所产生的喷管矢量角相应增加;注气位置对喷管矢量角影响较大,注气位置靠近喷管尾沿(后孔注气)比注气位置靠近喷管喉部(前孔注气)所产生的矢量角明显增大。     

载人航天器主动热控制系统流体回路的优化设计

载人航天器一般采用主动热控制技术为主的热控制系统,废热的排散主要通过泵驱动单相流体回路。分析了主动热控制系统的主要设计任务,如系统方案、工质的选择、回路部件的选型、系统参数的确定、控制算法等;提出了主动热控制系统方案及参数选择应满足适应性要求、安全性要求、可靠性要求以及经济性要求,指出主动热控制系统的设计是一个以系统总体质量最小为目标的约束优化问题,并讨论了优化设计的思路与实现流程。最后基于一个具体的设计案例对设计方法进行了验证。     

Impact of the thermal effect on the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair for an aviation axial-piston pump

A thermal hydraulic model based on the lumped parameter method is presented to analyze the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair in an aviation axial-piston pump under specified operating conditions. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the thermal hydraulic model. The results illustrate that the squeezing force and thermal wedge bearing force are the main factors that affect the film thickness and load-carrying capacity. At high oil temperature and high load pressure, the film thickness decreases with increasing clamping force due to a combined action of the squeezing bearing force and the thermal wedge bearing force, but the load-carrying capacity will increase. An increase of the film thickness is proven to be beneficial under high shaft rotational speed but especially dangerous as it strongly increases the ripple amplitude of the film thickness, which leads to decreasing the load-carrying capacity. The structural parameters of the slipper can be optimized to achieve desired performance, such as the slipper radius ratio and orifice length diameter ratio. To satisfy the requirement of the load-carrying capacity, the slipper radius ratio should be selected from 1.4 to 1.8, and the orifice length diameter ratio should be selected from 4 to 5.     

集成火星进入弹道的开伞过程动力学特性研究

针对火星探测任务设计阶段的需求,提出集成再入弹道、开伞过程仿真一体化设计方法。首先,利用质点动力学模型,计算质点弹道,进行探测器进入过程的飞行轨迹仿真,获得开伞初始状态。其次,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）方法,建立开伞过程的流固耦合（FSI）动力学模型,进行典型工况开伞过程数值模拟,分析开伞动压和马赫数对降落伞充气过程的影响。数值模拟开伞过程伞衣几何外形变化和降落伞的流固耦合动力学行为,得到开伞过载变化曲线、伞衣阻力面积变化等典型特征参数。计算结果表明,降落伞开伞动力学的数值仿真方法为火星再入、减速和着陆（EDL）过程的概念设计提供了一定的参考依据。     

A transient bulk flow model with circular whirl motion for rotordynamic coefficients of annular seals

Bulk flow model with perturbation simplification has been used to calculate rotordynamic coefficients in annular seals which have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of rotors in turbomachinery. In this work, a transient bulk flow model with arbitrary rotor motion is developed, and the boundary conditions and friction factor in the model are calibrated with steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical solution scheme is developed based on the finite element method to obtain the transient reaction force in the seal clearance. With a periodic circular rotor orbit, the transient forces at multiple whirling frequencies are used to evaluate the rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage flowrate of CFD analysis has good agreement with experimental results and the calibrated parameters in bulk flow model are dependent on operating conditions. Although CFD calibration improves the accuracy of the perturbed bulk flow model, the direct damping is overestimated and the cross-coupled damping is underestimated. Compared with the perturbed model, the predictions of the transient bulk flow model are more agreeable with the experiment.     

Numerical simulation of broken pin effects on the flow field and cooling performance of a double-wall cooling configuration

In this paper, the flow characteristics of the double wall structure are presented and the effect of the broken pin size on the cooling performance and flow field of the double wall configuration is investigated. A periodic plate model with seven units is adopted, and there are an impingement hole and a film hole in each unit. Under five blowing ratios, six different sizes of the broken pin are compared, and the double wall configuration without broken pins is taken as the baseline. The results show that if the broken pins height is too small, the cooling effectiveness usually cannot be improved. With the presence of broken pins with a height of more than 0.4, the effectiveness is improved due to the enhancement of reattachment and recirculation of coolant. With the increase of the broken pin height, the cooling effectiveness increases. However, the increase of the diameter does not always improve the cooling performance, since the limiting effect of the wall jet. In this study, Case 6 with the largest broken pin always has the best cooling performance, but also the largest flow resistance. In Case 6 temperature is reduced by almost 15 K compared to the baseline, and more areas have relatively higher cooling effectiveness.