低速风洞动态试验的高速并联机构设计及动力学分析

为模拟飞行器多自由度(DOF)风洞试验,设计并制造了一种用于低速风洞试验的高速并联六自由度机构,综合分析需求和机构的约束条件,确定机构的结构参数,并分析和总结了该机构的特点。使用ANSYS软件计算系统的固有频率,得到系统极限位置的振动响应。利用ADAMS软件对机构进行柔性动力学仿真,模拟机构在高速运动时紧急制动的动力特征,比较分析刚性和柔性制动的冲击载荷,总结出机构高速制动的特点,所分析结果在机构的设计和实际应用中具有重要的意义。实际运行表明:并联机构可实现单自由度和多自由度耦合运动,具有大工作空间(振幅可达30°/500mm)、高运动精度(达0.05°/0.5mm)和高速(达5m/s)等特点,并具有较高的运动性能,满足风洞试验要求。     

一种共轴式直升机操纵机构的运动学建模与分析

 共轴式直升机操纵机构的输入/输出运动学关系复杂、非线性严重,不同通道间控制耦合大,其中航向采用全差动的操纵机构最为复杂。为了分析用比例关系简化建模所引起的误差及利用逆运动学进行操纵系统线性化,必须对操纵机构运动学进行精确建模。针对一种航向全差动操纵机构,首先,运用机构学原理,通过去除过约束、局部自由度对机构进行简化,计算得到操纵机构自由度;然后,将操纵机构分为3个子模块,通过对每个模块应用空间机构位置分析方法进行正向、逆向运动学推导,建立系统完整的运动学模型;利用光学测量原理设计了测试系统,并通过实验验证了所建模型的正确性;最后给出了所建模型在共轴式直升机建模、操纵解耦及线性化方面的应用方法。     

基于神经网络干扰观测器的柔性航天器姿态稳定控制

本文针对柔性航天器在惯性参数未知、外界干扰、输入饱和等复杂条件下的姿态控制问题,提出了1种基于神经网络干扰观测器的柔性航天器姿态稳定控制方法。首先,基于包含压电振动抑制输入的柔性航天器姿态动力学模型,构建了包含外界干扰、惯性参数不确定性的综合扰动项;其次,基于RBF神经网络设计干扰观测器与自适应参数调节律实时地估计综合扰动;再次,设计了1种固定时间收敛且有限时间稳定的非线性滑模控制器,并通过Lyapunov理论进行了稳定性分析;最后,利用航天器闭环姿态动力学系统进行数值仿真。结果表明:所设计的基于神经网络干扰观测器的控制方法可以有效实现航天器的姿态稳定、振动抑制与干扰估计,从而顺利完成航天器的高精高稳控制任务。     

我国融资性担保机构市场退出机制研究

我国至今还没有一部专门针对担保行业的法律,部门颁布的法规既缺乏权威性,又过于简单,缺乏可操作性;一些担保机构从事违法违规活动导致风险事件不断爆发,严重损害了担保业声誉,给行业发展带来恶劣影响。当前亟须建立担保机构的市场退出机制,对问题担保机构实行强制退出政策,使担保业健康发展。担保机构市场退出机制包括建立担保机构退出的风险预警系统、设立担保救助基金及担保机构退出方式。文章在风险预警研究的基础上,着重分析担保救助基金的建立、使用以及担保机构退出方式。     

让老师快乐地走进课堂

中职学生自我约束、自我学习能力差,中职教师面临教好书与管好学生的双重压力。通过体制与机制的完善,鼓励教师欣然地面对挑战,教师才会发现教书的乐趣,才会激发求知的欲望,才会参与教学的改革,才会产生对学校强烈的归属感、自豪感和使命感。提升了教师的积极性,老师才会快乐地走进课堂。     

High-temperature tribological behaviors of a Cr-Si co-alloyed layer on TA15 alloy

A Cr-Si co-alloyed layer was successfully deposited on TA15 alloy by the double glow plasma surface technology to improve its poor wear resistance at elevated temperature.The microstructure,composition,and phase structure of the layer were investigated by SEM,EDS,and XRD.The tribological behaviors of the Cr-Si co-alloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were analyzed in details.The results indicated that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Cr-Si coalloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were much lower than those of the substrate,which was due to higher hardness and superior elastic modulus.This layer may become an approach to effectively improving the wear resistance of TA15 alloy at elevated temperature.     

Experimental research of air-throttling ignition for a scramjet at Ma 6.5

An experimental investigation on ignition characteristics with air-throttling in an ethylene-fueled scramjet under flight Ma 6.5 conditions was conducted.The dynamic process of air-throttling ignition was explored systematically.The influences of throttling parameters,i.e.,throttling mass rate and duration,were investigated.When the throttling mass rate was 45% of the inflow mass rate,ambient ethylene could be ignited reliably.The delay time from ignition to throttling was about 45–55 ms.There was a threshold of throttling duration under a certain throttling mass rate.It was shorter than 100 ms when the throttling mass rate was 45%.While a 45%throttling mass rate would make the shock train propagate upstream to the isolator entry in about10–15 ms,four lower throttling mass rates were tested,including 30%,25%,20%,and 10%.All of these throttling mass rates could ignite ethylene.However,combustion performances varied with them.A higher throttling mass rate made more ethylene combust and produced higher wall pressure.Through these experiments,some aspects of the relationships between ignition,flame stabilization,combustion efficiency,and air-throttling parameters were brought to light.These results could also be a benchmark for CFD validation.     

民用客机液压系统逻辑控制单元故障分析及排除

通过采用故障树的分析方法,运用故障机理分析、故障定位及故障复现的故障归零思路,分析了逻辑控制单元的设计规范及其变更,进行了新旧逻辑控制单元的对比试验,检查了逻辑控制单元与飞机的交联信号等,最终定位故障在逻辑控制单元内部元件失效,顺利排除了故障。     

机场竞争力评价指标体系的构建

本文首先分析总结了机场竞争力的形成机理,在此基础上提出了机场竞争力的评价原则,最后,构建了一套包含4个一级指标、16个二级指标和41个三级指标的机场竞争力评价指标体系,旨在通过这套评价体系对机场的竞争力发展水平进行评估,找出机场竞争力发展过程中的优势不足,为机场在市场竞争中提高竞争力水平和核心竞争力提供科学的参考依据.     

Investigation of high-speed abrasion behavior of an abradable seal rubber in aero-engine fan application

Abradable seal rubber has been widely used in aero-engine fans to improve their efficiency by reducing the clearance between rotating and stationary components. To investigate the high-speed scraping behavior between a vulcanized silicone rubber and a Ti-6Al-4V fan blade and evaluate the abradable performance of seal rubber, abrasion tests were conducted at a blade tip velocity of 50–300 m/s with an incursion rate of 100 lm/s. The influences of the blade tip velocity on the wear mechanism and interaction forces were specially analyzed. It is shown that abrasive wear and pattern wear are the predominant wear mechanisms, and pattern wear can be seen as the emergence and propagation of cracks. With an increase of the blade tip velocity, both of the final incursion depth and wear mass loss of seal rubber exhibit growth trends. The gradual changes of rubbing forces with an increase of rubbing time are the characteristic of abrasive wear, and force curves with unstable mutations are a reflection of pattern wear. At a constant incursion rate of 100 lm/s, the maximum values of interaction forces decrease first and then grow with an increase of the blade tip velocity, and the blade tip velocity of 150 m/s becomes the cut-off point between abrasive wear and pattern wear.