飞向晕轨道的探测器轨道优化

晕轨道的稳定流形为从地球到晕轨道的转移轨道设计提供了便利．以往都采用在晕轨道上的目标点施加脉冲,这样,稳定流形只是为转移轨道的设计提供一个初始猜想,探测器并没有运行在稳定流形上,因而并未真正利用稳定流形节省燃料的优势．利用基于序优化理论的微分修正法,研究从晕轨道近地点稳定流形上不同点进入稳定流形所需要的燃料消耗,寻找燃耗最少的转移轨道．仿真表明,对于晕轨道近地点入轨,找到的稳定流形射入点机动比以往的晕轨道入轨点机动节省约33％的燃料消耗．此外,还对晕轨道上不同入轨点的入轨代价进行了研究,得到了晕轨道近地点入轨的最小燃耗解．     

The feasibility of using an L1 positioned dust cloud as a method of space-based geoengineering

In this paper a method of geoengineering is proposed involving clouds of dust placed in the vicinity of the L₁ point as an alternative to the use of thin film reflectors. The aim of this scheme is to reduce the manufacturing requirement for space-based geoengineering. It has been concluded that the mass requirement for a cloud placed at the classical L₁ point, to create an average solar insolation reduction of 1.7%, is 7.60 × 10¹⁰ kg yr⁻¹ whilst a cloud placed at a displaced equilibrium point created by the inclusion of the effect of solar radiation pressure is 1.87 × 10¹⁰ kg yr⁻¹. These mass ejection rates are considerably less than the mass required in other unprocessed dust cloud methods proposed and are comparable to thin film reflector geoengineering requirements. Importantly, unprocessed dust sourced in-situ is seen as an attractive scheme compared to highly engineered thin film reflectors. It is envisaged that the required mass of dust can be extracted from captured near Earth asteroids, whilst stabilised in the required position using the impulse provided by solar collectors or mass drivers used to eject material from the asteroid surface.     

角区三维分离流附着鞍点拓扑结构及其演化

实验研究角区层流边界层三维定常分离附着鞍点拓扑结构的存在性及其演化规律.二维粒子图像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)激光片光源设置于给定平板和不同模型组成的角区对称面,采用微距镜头捕捉对称面奇点附近的局部流动拓扑结构.实验证实在一定流动参数条件下多种形状模型与平板形成的角区均存在有别于经典分离的附着鞍点拓扑结构;随着雷诺数增加或者随着模型钝度的变化,附着鞍点拓扑结构与经典分离鞍点拓扑结构之间存在着一定的演化规律;对附着鞍点拓扑结构与Lighthill经典三维分离模式的关系进行了分析,表明Lighthill经典三维分离模式也适用于分析附着鞍点拓扑结构.     

基于虚网格的格心ADT搜索法

针对重叠网格寻点问题,提出了一种直接在格心网格下操作,基于虚网格的ADT(Alternating Digital Tree)搜索方法.通过对计算网格进行扩展,建立虚边界网格,解决了格心网格因覆盖区域不完整而无法直接建立ADT数据结构的问题.搜索结果即为包含解的格心单元集合,可直接对结果列表遍历以得到合理贡献单元,故完全摒弃了可靠性差的Stencil Walk方法.由虚网格的定义,使寻点在边界附近的处理更为灵活,可以准确给出边界附近贡献单元的有效信息,同时简化了虚网格体系的构建.扩展了重叠边界类型,构建的搜索空间能完整覆盖网格范围,解决了对称面重叠问题.算例研究表明:该方法可靠性好,边界处理能力强,有效提高了重叠网格方法对大型复杂网格的解算能力.     

基于需要轨道的导弹最优迭代制导方法

提出了一种基于需要轨道的导弹最优迭代制导方法,以标准弹道上某点建立需要轨道并确定入轨点参数,通过弹上迭代制导实现最优入轨控制,给出了计算模型。该制导方法无需修正地球扁率和再入阻力的影响,可减小方法误差。仿真计算结果证明方法正确。     

三维流场乘波体快速设计方法及多目标优化

为扩大乘波体的设计空间,精确地计算设计流场,引入高超声速激波装配法,结合基于多重网格的搜索技术加速寻点效率,扩展流线追踪方法到三流流场,建立普适于一般三维流场的乘波体快速设计方法。对设计曲线使用B样条方法建模并提取设计变量,结合改进的Pareto遗传算法对升阻比和容积率进行多目标优化设计,获得了性能较高的乘波外形。研究表明此方法效率高,设计空间大,是一种乘波体设计的新方法和新思路。     

空间非编码标记特征点中心定位方法与比较

归纳总结了应用于可见光测量的空间标记非编码设计原则,例举了棋盘格型、栅格型、圆型等3种典型的非编码标记图案设计,分别阐述了各标记特征点中心定位方法和计算过程,开展了对比试验,结果表明：圆型非编码标记图案设计及其特征点中心定位精度明显高于其他两种图案,其图案设计简捷、特征点突出易于识别、在像平面中呈现各向同性、点中心定位精度高、计算速度快、噪声抑制能力强。     

Predicting atmospheric delays for rapid ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) can shorten the initialization and re-initialization time, and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions are also more reliable and accurate than ambiguity-float PPP solutions. However, signal interruptions are unavoidable in practical applications, particularly while operating in urban areas. Such signal interruptions can cause discontinuity of carrier phase arc, which introduces new integer ambiguities. Usually it will take approximately 15 min of continuous tracking to a reasonable number of satellites to fix new integer ambiguities. In many applications, it is impractical for a PPP user to wait for such a long time for the re-initialization. In this paper, a method for rapid ambiguity fixing in PPP is developed to avoid such a long re-initialization time. Firstly, the atmospheric delays were estimated epoch by epoch from ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions before the data gap or cycle slip occurs. A random walk procedure is then applied to predict the atmospheric delays accurately over a short time span. The predicted atmospheric delays then can be used to correct the observations which suffer from signal interruptions. Finally, the new ambiguities can be fixed with a distinct WL-LX-L3 (here LX denotes either of L1, L2) cascade ambiguity resolution strategy. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method and strategy can fix zero-difference integer ambiguities successfully with only a single-epoch observation immediately after a short data gap. This technique works even when all satellites are interrupted at the same time. The duration of data gap bridged by this technique could be possibly extended if a more precise atmospheric delay prediction is found or on-the-fly (OTF) technology is applied. Based on the proposed method, real-time PPP with integer ambiguity fixing becomes more feasible in practice.     

Coordinated control of tethered space robot using mobile tether attachment point in approaching phase

Tethered space robots (TSRs) have wide applications in future on-orbit service owing to its flexibility and great workspace. However, the control problem is quite complex and difficult in the phase of approaching target, and the fuel consumption must also be taken into account. Hence, we present a novel scheme of achieving coordinated orbit and attitude control simultaneously for the TSR. Space tether, which can provide greater force compared with the thruster force, is used in the design of the orbit and attitude coordinated controller. A coordinated control mechanism is designed to provide attitude control torques of the pitch and yaw motions by adjusting the position of the mobile tether attachment point, while the roll motion is stabilized by the thruster. In order to guarantee this mechanism to work properly, constant tether tension strategies are utilized to plan an optimal approaching trajectory which is tracked by the coordinated controller of tether force and thruster force. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of our proposed coordinated control scheme for TSR in the approaching phase. Furthermore, fuel consumption of the orbit and attitude control are both significantly reduced compared with traditional thruster control.     

GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution based on integrity restriction in ambiguity domain

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a key technology for high-precision navigation and positioning, and it is a challenge for applications which require both high accuracy and high integrity. This paper proposes efficient ambiguity resolution methods based on integrity restriction using Fixed Failure rate Ratio Test (FF-RT) and Doubly Non-central F-distribution Ratio Test (DNF-RT), and derives the related processing models and numerical algorithms compared with the traditional Ratio Test (RT) method. Firstly, the integer ambiguity resolution and validation procedures, especially the Least squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) estimation and RT validation are analyzed. Then the quality evaluation using success rate, the FF-RT method using Integer Aperture (IA) estimation and the NDF-RT method are proposed. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for LAMBDA using RT, FF-RT and DNF-RT methods are performed. Simulation results show that in case of unbiased scenario FF-RT and DNF-RT have similar performances, which are significantly better than RT. In case of biased scenario it is difficult for FF-RT to predict the biased success rate thus it should not be used for bias detection, while DNF-RT can detect biases in most cases except for the biases are approximate or equal to integer, which has the important benefit for early detection of potential threat to the position solution.