新型固态电压标准的研制

介绍了低成本、高稳定的固态电压标准器的研制 ,该标准器可取代 0 .0 0 0 5级以下的标准电池 ,具有较高的应用和推广价值。     

Simultaneous determination of aerosol- and surface characteristics from top-of-atmosphere reflectance using MERIS on board of ENVISAT

The determination of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from nadir scanning multi-spectral radiometers, like SeaWiFS, MERIS or MODIS, requires the separation of spectral atmospheric and surface properties. Since SeaWiFS and MERIS do not provide information at 2.1 μm, like MODIS, the estimation of the surface reflectance cannot be made by the cross correlation approach described by Kaufman et al., 1997. The BAER approach (Bremen AErosol Retrieval), von Hoyningen-Huene et al., 2003, uses a linear mixing model of spectra for ‘green vegetation’ and ‘bare soil’, tuned by the NDVI, determining an apparent surface to enable this separation of aerosol and surface properties from VIS and NIR channels. Thus AOT can be derived over a wide range of land surfaces for wavelengths <0.67 μm. Using MERIS L1 data over Europe, the AOT retrieved is comparable with ground-based observations, provided by AERONET. Regional variation of AOT can be observed, showing the atmospheric variability for clear sky conditions by: large scale variation of aerosol turbidity, regional pollution, urban regions, effects of contrails and cases of aerosol-cloud interaction. Simultaneously with the spectral AOT also spectral surface reflectance is obtained, where all atmospheric influences have been considered (molecules, aerosols and absorbing gases (O₃)) for channels with wavelengths <0.67 μm. The AOT is extrapolated by Angström power law to NIR channels and the atmospheric correction for land surface properties is performed, enabling the further investigation of land use and spectral land properties.     

适用于小型公司的 ISO 9000 质量管理系统(英文)

ＩＳＯ９０００质量管理系统往往存在一种神秘性。一般认为它只适用于大型公司，对小型公司而言，该系统实在是太昂贵了，本文澄清了这种错误的想法，并说明了ＩＳＯ９０００系统内在之属性事实上是灵活的，不论任何行业的小型公司均可适用。此外，它亦指出了认证审核员和质量管理顾问应对那些易犯的错误提高警觉。     

Surface integrity and fatigue behavior when turning γ-TiAl alloy with optimized PVD-coated carbide inserts

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on the effects of tool and turning parameters on surface integrity and fatigue behavior in turning c-Ti Al alloy. The wear of inserts surface, cutting forces, and surface roughness were studied to optimize PVD-coated carbide inserts.Surface topography, residual stresses, microhardness, and microstructure were analyzed to characterize the surfaces layer under different turning parameters. Surface integrity and fatigue life tests of c-Ti Al alloy were conducted under turning and turning-polishing processes. The results show that compared to CNMG120412-MF4, CNMG120408-SM is more suitable because it obtained low cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear. With increasing the cutting speed and depth, the depths of the compressive residual stress layer, hardening layer, and plastic deformation layer increased. For turning and turning-polishing specimens, the compressive residual stress was relaxed by less than 20%–30% after 10~7 cycles. The fatigue life of a turning-polishing specimen with R_a= 0.15 mm has increased 3 times from that of a turning specimen with R_a= 0.43 mm.     

某环型航空零件数控加工工艺分析和自动换刀的研究

针对加工环型航空零件时均采用手工换刀加工的问题,论述了用声发射法对刀具磨损进行监测、用静态测量法对刀具轴线的偏转进行测量、粗铣试切毛坯的内轮廓实验,分析出不能实现自动换刀加工的原因.通过对零件的加工工艺进行分析,将能合并的工步源程序串在一起并在实际加工中得到验证从而实现自动换刀加工.串编程序的应用提高了工厂的生产率,降低了生产成本,也为研究加工环型航空零件的自动换刀问题奠定了坚实的基础.     

MQL切削的现状和发展

简介了MQL切削的现状及发展趋势。     

提高微细电解加工精度的研究

对影响微细电解加工精度的因素进行了详细的分析,提出了改善加工精度的方法,如以循环进刀代替直接进刀方式、采用脉冲加工电源、改善阴极的结构设计以及采用非线性电解液等。最后,结合实验对这些方法的可行性与有效性进行了验证。     

曲面积分在三重积分中的应用

得到了把一类三重积分化为曲面积分的一个定理，并给出定理的一些应用。     

用N-S方程有限体积法计算弹体绕流/底喷流

用单元中心有限体积法在物理空间曲线网格离散积分形式N-S方程，用坐标变换计算粘性通量项中的各偏导数值，用Runge-Kutta三步显式格式进行时间推进求解。采用了人工粘性、当地时间步长及隐式残值光顺。计算了旋成体大迎角涡流和带底部喷流的绕流场。计算中发现，各向异性隐式残值光顺较之各向同性隐式残值光顺能更快地加速迭代过程的收敛。计算的物面压力分布与实验基本符合，计算的旋成体大迎角涡流图谱合理。计算结果说明底部喷流对旋成体绕流及空气动力载荷有显著影响。     

某型导弹前支脚协调零件加工工艺研究

叙述某型导弹的新型结构－－斜燕尾槽配合的具有高协调要求的镀镍、机加工的工艺方法。改进后的“镀前加工协调尺寸预先补偿法”，已成功应用于某型导弹的批产。在同类协调零件制造过程中，该种方法具有较大的借鉴作用。