光电感烟火灾探测器的电路设计

详细介绍了光电感烟火探测器电路的各部分工作原理和设计要点,该电路具有用μＡ级电流驱动ｍＡ级器件工作的特点,有抗干扰电路,在很大程度上提高了火灾报警的可靠性,因此,具有一下的理论水平及很大的实用价值。     

无人机防相撞空中威胁态势的探测与告警研究

空中威胁态势探测与告警是无人机飞行防相撞预警的关键。为此,提出一种基于航迹预测的无人机防相撞空中威胁态势探测与告警方法。在该方法中,先采用滑动窗多项式拟合法对入侵机航迹进行动态预测,然后,在航迹预测基础上,利用无人机与入侵机飞行信息,建立针对入侵机的无人机动态避撞区,最后,结合静态保护区原理,对特定飞行场景下的无人机飞行冲突趋势、空中危险接近趋势和飞行碰撞趋势的探测与告警。仿真实例验证了所提出方法的有效性,也验证了其用于无人机飞行防相撞预警的可行性。     

旋转帽罩表面积冰甩脱位置的数值模拟

为了更好地理解旋转帽罩表面积冰的甩脱机理和过程,采用水杯法在万能试验机上分别测得积冰/铝板界面黏附强度值和积冰内部拉伸强度值。参考试验测得的这2个数据,结合内聚力模型（CZM）和扩展有限元法（X-FEM）,在有限元软件ANSYS中分别模拟得到积冰与旋转帽罩之间的界面分离区域和冰形内部裂纹路径及其扩展过程,对旋转帽罩表面积冰甩脱的位置和体积作出预测。预测结果与帽罩表面积冰甩脱试验结果作比较,证明了CZM和X-FEM耦合的数值模拟方法可行。为实际工程应用中的热气或者电防冰系统的布置提供参考。     

脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆控制规律

点火起爆过程对爆震波形成起关键作用。点火起爆过程和充填过程紧密相连，合理控制点火起爆是保证脉冲爆震发动机稳定工作的前提，研究中定义了点火起爆控制因素，给出了点火时刻估算方法，分析了点火延时和点火频率影响因素，在理论分析基础上给出脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆控制规律。     

郑州航空港区极化效应与扩散效应研究

通过郑州市人均GDP的对比分析及主成分分析发现,在全国范围内,郑州航空港的极化作用呈增强态势,在全省范围内极化作用较为平稳;从主成分分析的结果看,郑州与其他城市相比,综合发展水平远远高于其他城市,极化现象比较明显;从郑州周边的城市看,郑州周边的城市的经济发展水平远高于其他城市,扩散作用比较明显,而与郑州市距离较远的城市,经济发展水平相对较低,符合扩散作用随着距离变化逐步衰减的规律。政府应进行相对均衡的规划设计,不仅要扶持增长极的发展,对偏远地区也要进行适当倾斜,防止区域差距进一步扩大。     

Irradiated ignition of solid materials in reduced pressure atmosphere with various oxygen concentrations – for fire safety in space habitats

Effects of sub-atmospheric ambient pressure and oxygen content on irradiated ignition characteristics of solid combustibles were examined experimentally in order to elucidate the flammability and chance of fire in depressurized systems and give ideas for the fire safety and fire fighting strategies for such environments. Thin cellulosic paper was used as the solid combustible since cellulose is one of major organic compounds and flammables in the nature. Applied atmospheres consisted of inert gases (either CO₂ or N₂) and oxygen at various mixture ratios. Total ambient pressure (P) was varied from 101 kPa (standard atmospheric pressure, P₀) to 20 kPa. Ignition was initiated by external thermal radiation with CO₂ laser (10 W total; 21.3 W/cm² of the corresponding peak flux) onto the solid surface. Thermal degradation of the solid produced combustible gaseous products (e.g. CO, H₂, or other low weight of HCs) and these products mixed with ambient oxygen to form the combustible mixture over the solid. Heat transfer from the irradiated surface into the mixture accelerated the exothermic reaction in the gas phase and finally thermal runaway (ignition) was achieved. A digital video camera was used to analyze the ignition characteristics. Flammability maps in partial pressure of oxygen (ppO₂) and normalized ambient pressure (P/P₀) plane were made to reveal the fire hazard in depressurized environments. Results showed that a wider flammable range was obtained in sub-atmospherics conditions. In middle pressure range (101–40 kPa), the required ppO₂ for ignition decreased almost linearly as the total pressure decreased, indicating that higher fire risk is expected. In lower pressure range (<40 kPa), the required partial pressure of oxygen increased dramatically, then ignition was eventually not achieved at pressures less than 20 kPa under the conditions studied here. The findings suggest that it might be difficult to satisfy safety in space agriculture since it has been reported that higher oxygen concentrations are preferable for plant growth in depressurized environments. Our results imply that there is an optimum pressure level to achieve less fire chance with acceptable plant growth. An increase of the flammable range in middle pressure level might be explained by following two effects: one is a physical effect, such as a weak convective thermal removal from ignitable domain (near the hot surface) to the ambient of atmosphere, and the other is chemical effect which causes so-called “explosion peninsula” as a result of depleting radical consumption due to third-body recombination reaction. Further studies are necessary to determine the controlling factor on the observed flammable trend in depressurized conditions.