Explicit expression of collision probability in terms of RSW and NTW components of relative position

The existing analytical and numerical computing methods for collision probability (P_c) provide sufficiently accurate results, but do not reveal the direct connection between P_c and conjunction geometry or error covariance. This paper derived an explicit expression of P_c under the circular orbit assumption, based on analysis of closest approach distance and Chan’s analytical formulae for P_c. The P_c was expressed as an explicit function of the radial, in-track, cross-track components of relative position and error covariance. The explicit expression is simple and compact, relates P_c with components of relative position, which are two kinds of important conjunction risk criteria. By introducing non-zero flight-path angle and ratio of velocity’s magnitude, a modified expression of P_c was presented for objects in eccentric orbits. For objects with eccentricity less than 0.01 (which account for 62% of all LEO objects), the relative error of the explicit expression is less than 0.107, or 0.252 for typical conjunction cases. What really matters in conjunction risk assessment is the order of magnitude rather than the specific value of P_c, the precision of the explicit expression is sufficient for conjunction risk assessment and decision-making for most LEO objects.     

改进的卫星广播星历参数模型及其算法

考虑导航卫星受地球周期性的摄动力影响,提出了一种改进的导航卫星星历参数模型,给出了模型参数的计算方法和用该模型外推卫星轨道的计算步骤。仿真计算结果表明：该广播星历参数模型外推能力强,可较好地拟合卫星运动轨道。     

Formation control using μ-synthesis for Inner-Formation Gravity Measurement Satellite System

Inner-Formation Gravity Measurement Satellite System (IFGMSS) is used to map the gravity field of Earth. The IFGMSS consists of two satellites in which one is called “inner satellite” and the other one is named as “outer satellite”. To measure the pure Earth gravity, the inner satellite is located in the cavity of the outer satellite. Because of the shield effect of the cavity, the inner satellite is affected only by the gravitational force, so it can sense Earth gravity precisely. To avoid the collision between the inner satellite and the outer satellite, it is best to perform a real-time control on the outer satellite. In orbit, the mass of the outer satellite decreases with the consumption of its propellant. The orbit angular rate of the inner satellite varies with time due to various disturbing forces. These two parameters’ uncertainties make the C–W function be not so accurate to describe the formation behavior of these two satellites. Furthermore, the thrusters also have some uncertainties due to the unmodelled dynamics. To cancel the effects caused by the above uncertainties, we have studied the robust control method based on the μ-synthesis. This μ-synthesis eliminates the conservativeness and improves the control efficiency comparing with the H_∞ method. Finally, to test the control method, we simulate an IFGMSS mission in which the satellite runs in a sun synchronous circular orbit with an altitude of 300 km. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the robust control method. The performances of the closed-loop system with the μ-controller are tested by the μ-analysis. It has found that the nominal performance, the robust stability and the robust performance are all achieved. The transient simulation results further prove the control response is fast and the accuracy of the relative position meets the demand of the gravity measurement.     

轨道误差对星敏感器对地指向精度的影响分析

针对使用星敏感器进行对地指向精度问题,分析了影响卫星对地指向精度的主要因素,根据卫星轨道误差,推导了轨道根数误差对经度方向和纬度方向上的指向误差方程.分析了轨道根数对指向精度的影响规律.最后对轨道根数误差的影响进行了仿真,仿真结果与分析结果一致.     

周向总压畸变进气下叶片前掠对转子稳定性的影响

以跨声速压气机NASA转子11为原型进行前掠改进,对得到的前掠转子与原型转子内流场进行了定常数值模拟,结果表明:在设计转速下前掠转子的性能有所提高,尤其是近失速流量有明显的降低.在周向总压畸变进气条件下,对转子11和前掠转子进行了非定常数值模拟,两者的性能较均匀进气条件下都出现了不同程度的下降,但前掠转子的近失速流量仍明显低于转子11,这是因为转子11叶尖区域处气流较前掠转子更易堵塞.      

前、后排叶片相对位置对串列转子性能的影响

在折合叶尖切线速度381m/s条件下,利用跨声串列转子技术实现了总压比2.25,负荷系数高达0.55的风扇转子设计。基于数值模拟结果,分析了串列转子前、后排叶片周向和轴向几何相对位置的变化对各自其整体性能的影响及原因。研究结果表明:前、后排几何相对位置的变化改变了后排叶片堵塞系数及其进、出的轴向速度和气流角,因而改变了速度三角形,导致了串列转子整体及各排叶片速度三角形及特性的变化;对于前、后排叶片最佳几何相对位置的选择,当后排叶片在前排叶片弦向上有0.1～0.15倍弦长的重叠时、后排叶片在周向上较为靠近前排叶片压力面时,串列转子能够获得较高的气动性能。     

基于相对位置矢量的群目标灰色精细航迹起始算法

为解决群内目标精细航迹起始的难题,基于对传统航迹起始算法及现有群目标航迹起始算法优缺点的分析,给出了完整的群目标航迹起始框架,并提出了一种基于相对位置矢量的群目标灰色精细航迹起始算法。首先基于循环阈值模型、群中心点进行群的预分割、预关联,然后对预关联成功的群搜索对应坐标系,建立群中各量测的相对位置矢量,基于灰色精细互联模型完成群内量测的互联,最后基于航迹确认规则得到群目标状态矩阵。经仿真数据验证,与修正的逻辑法、基于聚类和Hough变换的多编队航迹起始算法相比,该算法在起始真实航迹、抑制虚假航迹及杂波鲁棒性等方面综合性能更优。     

基于欧拉角的炮弹位姿参数光学测量解析算法

炮弹空间位置和姿态参数的解算是研究其飞行弹道特性和弹道控制的非常重要的内容。利用4个已知空间坐标的非共面控制点,通过建立控制点的过渡坐标系,提出了一种基于单目视觉,采用欧拉角直接参与计算的炮弹位姿参数的测量方法,建立了位姿参数测量的误差修正模型。最后对该算法进行了完整的数学仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法简单有效且稳定,能满足位姿参数测量的精度要求。     

基于双目视觉的非合作目标逼近控制系统设计与仿真

主要研究空间非合作目标近距离逼近过程的控制系统设计与仿真问题.针对采用双目视觉敏感器实现对非合作目标的观测情况,提出一种考虑成像误差的目标位置矢量计算方法,有效保证目标位置解算的可行性.在主星视线坐标系下,分别考虑逼近过程的最大相对速度约束、控制推力和力矩约束,设计了基于非线性项解耦的递阶饱和PID形式的近距离逼近位置控制律和姿态控制律,并在逼近过程中设置停泊点以确保与目标无碰撞.最后对典型航天器非合作目标抓捕任务进行了数学仿真,仿真结果表明所提出的方法可在满足各种约束的情况下有效实现任意方向的空间非合作目标的抓捕任务.     

两步法快速解算编队卫星GPS模糊度

为克服卫星编队飞行实时相对定位中双频模糊度解算速度慢的缺点,结合扩展Kalman滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter),首先采用少数个历元(如10个)相位平滑伪距相对定位结果与 L₆的平均值对滤波初始化,再根据两步法解算双频模糊度,即先解算并正确固定宽巷模糊度,获得较准确的基线分量估值,然后采用选权拟合方法,将基线分量作为约束条件解算并固定双频模糊度.仿真算例计算结果表明,当宽巷模糊度正确固定后,编队卫星间相对定位误差在5cm以内,两步法可以在较短时间(约3min)内固定双频模糊度,为精确解算编队卫星的相对状态提供保障.