固体火箭发动机内气粒两相流动的SPH-FVM耦合方法数值模拟

为解决现有数值模型在求解固体火箭发动机内颗粒的燃烧流动等问题时所遇到的难题,基于拟流体模型,采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法 (SPH)求解离散颗粒相,追踪颗粒运动轨迹,采用有限体积方法 (FVM)对气体连续相进行描述,捕捉流场特性,两相间通过曳力、压力梯度、热传导、体积分数等参量进行耦合,建立了两种不同坐标系下方法间的耦合框架。耦合方法模拟了喷气推进实验室(JPL)喷管中气粒两相流动过程,得到了气相和颗粒相的参数分布规律,与相关实验结果及离散颗粒模型(DPM)数值模拟结果对比,吻合较好。针对Φ315mm实验发动机工作状态和结构特点,进行了发动机燃烧室内过载条件下的气粒两相流动数值模拟,分析了纵、横加速度载荷对发动机燃烧室内粒子场和聚集带的影响,与已有的数值模拟结果基本吻合。结果表明,新方法求解发动机气粒两相流问题准确可靠,适用于发动机内更为复杂的两相流问题数值模拟。     

Transient aeroelastic responses and flutter analysis of a variable-span wing during the morphing process

To investigate the transient aeroelastic responses and flutter characteristics of a variablespan wing during the morphing process,a novel frst-order state-space aeroelastic model is proposed.The time-varying structural model of the morphing wing is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with time-dependent boundary conditions.A nondimensionalization method is used to translate the time-dependent boundary conditions to be time-independent.The time-domain aerodynamic forces are calculated by the reduced-order unsteady vortex lattice method.The morphing parameters,i.e.,wing span length and morphing speed,are of particular interest for understanding the fundamental aeroelastic behavior of variable-span wings.A test case is proposed and numerical results indicate that the flutter characteristics are sensitive to both of the two morphing parameters.It could be noticed that the aeroelastic characteristics during the wing extracting process are more serious than those during the extending process at the same morphing speed by transient aeroelastic response analysis.In addition,a faster morphing process can get better aeroelastic performance while the mechanism comlexity will arise.     

Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section

Crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section was studied in this paper. Firstly, the failure criterion of a rivet was studied by test, showing that the ultimate tension and shear failure loads were obviously affected by the loading speed. The relations between the loading speed and the average ultimate shear, tension loads were expressed by two logarithmic functions. Then, a vertical drop test of a civil airplane fuselage section was conducted with an actual impact velocity of6.85 m/s, meanwhile the deformation of cabin frame and the accelerations at typical locations were measured. The finite element model of a main fuselage structure was developed and validated by modal test, and the error between the calculated frequencies and the test ones of the first four modes were less than 5%. Numerical simulation of the drop test was performed by using the LS-DYNA code and the simulation results show a good agreement with that of drop test. Deforming mode of the analysis was the same as the drop test; the maximum average rigid acceleration in test was 8.81 g while the calculated one was 9.17 g, with an error of 4.1%; average maximum test deformation at four points on the front cabin floor was 420 mm, while the calculated one was 406 mm, with an error of 3.2%; the peak value of the calculated acceleration at a typical location was 14.72 g, which is lower than the test result by 5.46%; the calculated rebound velocity result was greater than the test result 17.8% and energy absorption duration was longer than the test result by 5.73%.     

80°／65°双三角翼滚转稳定特性预测研究

在FL-23风洞中开展了80°／65°双三角翼大迎角下的滚转特性研究．包括静态测力试验．动导数试验和自由滚转试验,通过静态测力试验及动导数试验获得了双三角翼模型在大迎角条件下的滚转力矩特性以及动导数特性,从而对双三角翼大迎角条件下的滚转运动特性进行了预测．最后通过自由摇滚试验对预测结果进行了验证。研究结果表明随着模型迎角的增加,双三角翼呈现不同的滚转运动形态,包括静态稳定、舣周期震荡、准极限环摇滚．通过静态气动力及动导数可以较准确地对模型的运动形态及对应的迎角范围进行预测。     

固体火箭发动机喷管结构瞬态温度场的理论预估

本文采用目前广泛应用、效果显著的有限元法,对固体火箭发动机复合喷管结构的轴对称瞬态温度场进行了理论预估.在计算中考虑了对流换热系数沿喷管轴向的变化及材料的方向性.所编程序通用性较好.     

带外挂二元机翼颤振模态的转变

本文采用定常空气动力,对机翼外挂系统按频率重合理论进行颤振分析,从而确定最低颤振速度随外挂俯仰频率变化的颤振边界曲线。结果表明,可以根据固有振型的变化情况对颤振模态的转变做出工程判断。     

风洞模型静弹性变形对气动力影响研究

介绍了一种基于模型变形视频测量系统和计算空气动力学研究静弹性变形对气动力影响的方法.利用模型变形视频测量系统获取模型在气动载荷作用下的静弹性变形,驱动模型表面网格运动,得到模型变形后的表面CFD计算网格.CFD计算变形前后网格外形下的气动力,研究模型变形对模型气动特性的影响.对一大展弦比连接机翼的测量与计算结果进行了分析,分析结果表明:模型变形对升力系数影响最大发生在升力线性变化的最大迎角附近,模型变形对阻力系数影响最大发生在失速迎角附近,模型静弹性变形对气动力的最大影响量远远超出风洞测力实验的精度指标,因此开展风洞模型静弹性变形影响研究与修正是十分必要的.     

大展弦比机翼流固耦合迭代求解模拟

基于某型变掠翼气动布局概念构型,结合适应于大展弦比机翼的复合材料结构设计,构建基于数据通讯的流动数值方法与结构有限元分析相互迭代的流固耦合分析平台,讨论布局在不同飞行条件下的机翼流固特性,解决大尺度结构气动弹性的耦合作用方式及准确计算的方法问题.算例结果表明流固耦合迭代求解计算方法高效、合理,较为准确地获得了大尺度结构变形后的布局气动特性改变特征,完善了特殊布局的气动特性仿真方法.     

基于等离子体激励的飞翼布局飞行器气动力矩控制

以飞翼布局飞行器所面临的飞行控制问题为背景,采用气动力测量技术和粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,在来流风速为8.2 m/s时,研究了介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器对飞翼布局飞行器气动力矩的作用.研究结果表明:在飞行器不同位置布置不同的激励器,可以实现对飞行器滚转、偏航及俯仰力矩的控制;改变激励电压,实现了对气动力矩的比例控制;通过与常规舵面的舵效进行比较,采用等离子体激励器获得的气动力矩控制,可以达到常规舵面一定偏转角度的控制效果.流场测量结果表明:等离子体激励器对飞翼布局飞行器气动力矩的控制,主要是通过控制流动分离和前缘涡破碎点位置的变化来实现的.因此,可以考虑应用等离子体流动控制技术来增强传统的舵面控制,并在提高控制效率的基础上,使其成为一种新型的飞行控制方式.     

大展弦比机翼低速静气动弹性模型的设计、制作和风洞试验

通过弹性相似模型的风洞试验研究大展弦比机翼在弹性变形下的气动特性是研究飞机静气动弹性特性的重要手段。发展了一种静气动弹性模型低速风洞试验技术,针对某大展弦比机翼,设计、制作了缩比弹性结构相似模型,在南京航空航天大学NH03风洞进行了低速静气动特性风洞试验。详细介绍了弹性模型的各项技术和风洞试验结果,结果表明该项技术适合大展弦比机翼静气动弹性特性的研究,试验结果可作为大展弦比机翼设计的重要参考。