Model-driven degradation modeling approaches: Investigation and review

The second law of thermodynamics implies that any animate and inanimate systems degrade and inevitably stops functioning. It is irreversible over time that can be labeled as “the degradation arrow of time”. From perspective of products’ reliability design, it is essential to build appropriate models of describing the degradation arrow of time. The current modeling approaches mainly include the model-driven (having assumed forms based on cognitive experience of mankind) and data-driven (using data learning techniques without form hypothesis) approaches. In this paper, we just investigate and review the model-driven degradation approaches, hoping to provide suggestions of the model construction or selection for scholars or engineers. First, for the single mechanism, degradation law models and stochastic process models are classified as separately depicting the tendency and fluctuation of degradation. For the degradation law model, we propose the concept of meta-models as original types for various personal models. For the stochastic process model, two main types including the non-monotonic and monotonical types are presented. Then, four multi-mechanism degradation types are discussed, that are competitive degradation, multi-stage degradation, coexistence of degradation and impact, and coexistence of degradation and failure. Besides, for the multi-performance degradation, independent and coupling models are introduced. The forms, connotations, applicability and insufficiency of these models are described with a series of examples from the literature and our own experiences. The final explicit suggestions about the potential future work are provided for the development of new degradation models.     

基于感生电压的变压器工作原理分析

研究了楞次定律及法拉第电磁感应定律在电机原理分析中容易引起理解错误的原因,提出采用感生电压代替感生电动势来分析电机原理的方法,并应用该方法分析了变压器负载运行时各个变量之间的关系,给出电压、电流平衡方程、等效电路及相量图。     

一种涡扇发动机加减速转速变化率闭环控制技术

针对涡扇发动机加减速的特点和控制需求,在对比现有控制算法的基础上提出一种新的转速变化率(N-dot)闭环控制技术。通过引入积分补偿,消除了原理性稳态误差,且控制参数机理清晰,易于设计,具备较高的工程应用价值。针对控制回路切换带来积分饱和的技术难点,设计工程实用的输出回归抗积分饱和方法,实现与其它控制器协调工作。基于涡扇发动机开展了Matlab桌面仿真研究和台架试验验证,结果表明,本文提出的控制技术能够取得满意的控制效果:N-dot反馈能够很好跟随N-dot期望指令,跟随误差在当前期望值的±10%以内,控制算法对噪声不敏感,对于涡扇发动机加减速过程多控制回路切换场景,不存在回路干扰和积分饱和现象。     

基于LQR的飞机纵向控制律设计

介绍了最优二次型理论 LQR,以及加权矩阵 Q的选取。建立了某型固定翼飞机的纵向小扰动方程,利用显模型最优二次型法设计了飞机的纵向控制律,对飞机的 C*响应进行了改善。利用低阶等效系统方法,对飞机的法向过载和俯仰角速率进行拟配,并对设计的控制律进行飞行品质的评价,仿真结果表明所设计的控制律符合 而现代控制理论可以得到系统的状态变量模型,相比éêê ê? GJB 185-86的相关规范。     

Three-axis coupled flight control law design for flying wing aircraft using eigenstructure assignment method

Due to elimination of horizontal and vertical tails, flying wing aircraft has poor longitudinal and directional dynamic characteristics. In addition, flying wing aircraft uses drag rudders for yaw control, which tends to generate strong three-axis control coupling. To overcome these problems, a flight control law design method that couples the longitudinal axis with the lateral-directional axes is proposed. First, the three-axis coupled control augmentation structure is specified. In the structure, a “soft/hard” cross-connection method is developed for three-axis dynamic decoupling and longitudinal control response decoupling from the drag rudders; maneuvering turn angular rate estimation and subtraction are used in the yaw axis to improve the directional damping. Besides, feedforward control is adopted to improve the maneuverability and control decoupling performance. Then, detailed design methods for feedback and feedforward control parameters are established using eigenstructure assignment and model following technique. Finally, the proposed design method is evaluated and compared with conventional method by numeric simulations. The influences of control derivatives variation of drag rudders on the method are also analyzed. It is demonstrated that the method can effectively improve the dynamic characteristics of flying wing aircraft, especially the directional damping characteristics, and decouple the longitudinal responses from the drag rudders.     

盒式机翼布局大型飞机横航向飞行品质研究

经计算并和常规布局大型飞机对比分析,给出了盒式机翼布局大型飞机的气动特点;然后研究了盒式机翼布局大型飞机本体横航向飞行品质;针对盒式机翼布局本体飞机横航向飞行品质较差的问题,研究了提高盒式机翼布局飞机横航向飞行品质的有效方法.研究结果表明:盒式机翼布局大型飞机具有良好的升阻特性和特殊的横航向气动特性;修改布局参数对提高...     

微燃机稳态控制规律与特性研究

微型燃气轮发电机（微燃机）是一种新型动力系统,为研究其节流、最大状态及慢车状态特性,建立了微燃机的数学模型,并编制了稳态特性计算程序。利用对节流状态经济性的要求,确立了微燃机的经济节流工作线,并用相似原理分析了不同大气条件下节流工作线的确定。研究了微燃机在最大状态和慢车状态工作时的几种限制条件,在满足这些限制条件下,确立了相应的控制规律;计算了微燃机的气候特性和高度特性,计算结果与理论分析一致。通过和试验数据对比,结果表明,数学模型合理有效,计算结果具有很高的可信度,可为微燃机稳态控制规律设计提供参照,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

基于奇异摄动与反馈线性化的滑翔制导律

针对高超声速再入飞行器最远距离滑翔制导关键技术,设计了一种新型制导律.首先,利用奇异摄动理论对再入飞行器状态变量进行两个时间尺度的划分,将系统状态方程分解成两个低维子系统.然后,应用最优控制理论得出慢时间尺度上的解,并将其作为降维后的最优参考轨迹;在此基础上,利用非线性微分几何反馈线性化方法,设计快时间尺度制导指令,实...     

某型飞机俯仰方位控制系统设计与仿真

为提高大迎角飞行状态下的战斗机等作战飞机控制系统的稳态精度,改善其控制系统的动态性能,对某型飞机俯仰方位控制系统结构进行改进设计。通过引入积分环节,将其俯仰方位控制系统由0型系统变为I型系统,提高了控制精度及抗干扰能力。通过合理配置俯仰方位控制系统控制规律传动比,对其动态性能也进行了有效改进。仿真结果显示：所设计的飞机俯仰方位控制系统结构合理,控制规律传动比配置恰当,对大迎角飞行状态下的飞机,其控制系统稳定性得到提高,其动、静态性能得到改善。     

我国教育法治化的现状与展望

改革开放以来，我国已基本形成了中国特色社会主义教育法律法规体系，教育法治化的普及、执行及监督也取得很大的成就。今后工作的重点是：进一步推进教育公平及均等化；健全和完善教育法律法规体系；加强教育法治化的宣传教育；加强执法部门的自身建设，文明执法。