预制体及基体对C/C复合材料性能的影响

研究了预制体结构及其成型工艺和基体类型对C/C复合材料的力学性能、烧蚀性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,它们对C/C复合材料的拉伸和压缩强度影响不显著,而对剪切性能影响明显。采用CVD成型工艺和树脂炭基体,对于二维预制体,C/C复合材料的剪切强度可达19MPa;对于准三维预制体,C/C复合材料层间剪切强度可达20MPa。不同类型的基体炭对复合材料的耐烧蚀性影响不同,CVD炭具有优异的抗烧蚀性能,树脂炭与沥青炭的抗烧蚀性能较差。采用先沉积后树脂浸渍炭化补充增密,可制备综合性能优异的热结构复合材料。     

工艺参数对喷射共沉积2024／SiCp沉积坯形状及凝固组织的影响

通过实验阐述了喷射共沉积工艺参数（雾化压力,合金过热度,沉积距离,颗粒射入压力及射入距离,流化床压力）对２０２４／ＳｉＣｐ复合材料沉积坯形状及凝固组织的影响,并得到了形状较为满意的近圆柱状,含气量较低,颗粒分布均匀的沉积坯。     

Optimization of Preform Shapes by RSM and FEM to Improve Deformation Homogeneity in Aerospace Forgings

This article, in order to improve the deformation homogeneity in aerospace forgings, proposes an approach that combines the finite element method (FEM) and the response surface method (RSM) to optimize the preform shapes. New expressions that take into account the influences of equivalent effective strain distribution are developed to evaluate the homogeneity of deformation distribution in aerospace forgings. In order to reduce the number of design variables, the domain-division method is put forward to determine the optimal design variables. On the basis of FEM results, the RSM is used to establish an approximate model to depict the relationship between the responses (deformation homogeneity and die underfilling) and the design variables represented by geometric parameters of the preform shape. With a typical aeroengine disk as an example, the proposed method is verified by achieving an optimal combination of design variables. By comparing the preform shape obtained with the proposed method to that with the existing one, it is evidenced that the former could achieve more homogeneous deformation in forging.     

针刺预制体分层对燃烧室C/C-SiC热防护结构的影响

开展了针刺预制体分层对吸气式发动机燃烧室C/C-SiC热防护性能影响的实验研究。分析了针刺预制体制作过程中出现预制体分层的原因,指出缠绕张力大小是导致制体分层的因素。通过比较有分层和无分层两种情况的实验结果,发现预制体局部存在的分层,造成了C/C-SiC热防护结构在热防护实验中出现结构破坏,说明由于预制体分层会引起C/C-SiC热防护结构存在局部层间结合力弱以及局部区域存在SiC基体聚集区,从而严重影响C/C-SiC热防护的结构完整性。为了避免出现针刺预制体分层,提出了在预制体制作过程中控制环向纤维缠绕张力的大小和均匀性,并在其完成初步致密化后进行CT检测,发现可能存在的分层,并指出预制体密度大小与预制体是否存在分层有一定的关联性,应通过实验结果和检测结果的统计分析,确定合理的预制体密度大小范围。提出从宏观上预制体密度指标作为评定预制体是否存在分层的判据。     

C/ C-SiC 复合材料的反应熔渗法制备与微观组织

采用无压反应熔渗法在1 550℃下将熔融Si或Si0.9Zr0.1浸渗入多孔C/C预制体中制备了高致密的C/C-SiC复合材料.系统研究了多孔C/C预制体中酚醛树脂热解碳(PIP-C)和化学气相渗透碳(CVI-C)对反应熔渗Si或Si0.Zr0.1的浸渗行为、反应程度、物相成分和微观组织的影响.结果表明:熔融Si或Si0.Zr0.1完全渗入到相邻碳纤维束间的大孔和碳纤维形成的小孔中,多孔PIP-C/C预制体较易浸渗,且反应较充分,熔渗Si0.9 Zr0.1后复合材料中除了生成大量SiC外,还有少量ZrC和ZrSi2生成,未发现游离Si.多孔PIP-C/C预制体中部分碳纤维与熔体反应,损伤纤维,而多孔CVI-C/C预制体中的沉积碳仅与熔体反应生成了一薄层,很好地保护了碳纤维,保持了碳纤维的高性能.提出反应熔渗制备C/C-SiC复合材料的形成机制:由初期的溶解-沉淀控制和后期的C向SiC层扩散控制为主.     

碳纤维复合材料C形结构热隔膜成型工艺

采用自行设计的热隔膜成型工艺实验装置,制备了C形结构碳纤维复合材料预成型体,测试了成型过程中预成型体和模具温度的变化规律,并考察了成型温度、预成型体尺寸对C形预成型体表面质量和内部缺陷的影响.结果表明:热隔膜成型过程中,采用模具预热的方法与红外灯辐射相配合,可保证预浸料温度的分布均匀性;成型温度过低时,预浸料粘性大、层间滑移能力差,导致预成型体拐角处出现纤维褶皱,并且内部孔隙偏多;预成型体的外形尺寸与模具尺寸接近,则预成型体易受隔膜架桥、变形量过大影响而出现翘曲等缺陷,因此预成型体与模具之间的尺寸比例应控制在一定范围内.     

复合材料结构整体化技术研究进展

材料技术、设计技术和制造技术的集成可充分发挥树脂基复合材料本质潜力.要实现复杂制件的整体化设计和制造,首先应突破定型和预制关键技术,即预制材料技术和预制结构技术.典型的ES-Fabncs织物等可以制备出高尺寸和形状精度、自支撑而稳定的复合材料复杂结构预制件,并具有比较优越的工艺性质和力学使用性能,而围绕着预制技术,正在...     

A New Scheme and Microstructural Model for 3D Full 5-directional Braided Composites

Three-dimensional(3D) braided composites are a kind of advanced ones and are used in the aeronautical and astronautical fields more widely. The advantages, usages, shortages and disadvantages of 3D braided composites are analyzed, and the possible approach of improving the properties of the materials is presented, that is, a new type of 3D full 5-directional braided composites is developed. The methods of making this type of preform are proposed. It is pointed out that the four-step braiding which is the most possible to realize industrialized production almost has no effect on the composites'properties. By analyzing the simulation model, the advantages of the material compared with the 3D 4-di- rectional and 5-directional materials are presented. Finally, a microstructural model is analyzed to lay the foundation for the future theoretical analysis of these composites.