AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率分析

对AZ31B镁合金母材及其电子束焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行研究,测试缺口位于母材、焊缝、热影响区(HAZ)时3组试验的裂纹扩展门槛值及扩展速率,并对3种试样疲劳裂纹扩展断口进行SEM分析.结果表明:缺口位于焊缝的裂纹扩展门槛值高于母材及HAZ,且疲劳裂纹扩展速率小于母材及HAZ.AZ31B镁合金母材及HAZ疲劳裂纹扩展断口都呈现河流状花样,为准解理脆性断口;焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展断口中有许多撕裂棱、韧窝,表现出一定韧性,断口为以脆性为主的韧-脆混合断裂;随着裂纹扩展速率增大,三者断口中的解理台阶变粗大,疲劳条带变宽.     

玻璃纤维增强铝合金层合板疲劳性能试验研究

纤维增强金属层板兼具复合材料和金属材料的优点,是理想的民机结构备选材料.本文对玻璃纤维增强铝合金层合板在不同应力比下裂纹萌生及疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行了试验、测试和分析,获得了不同应力比及应力幅值对疲劳裂纹萌生和疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,给出了纤维增强铝合金层合板(FML)在疲劳载荷作用下疲劳特性,对此类材料的设计及应用有一定参考价值.     

铝/钢法兰钎焊焊缝开裂失效分析

文摘某管道法兰由镀镍不锈钢管与铝管通过钎焊的方式焊接而成,力学试验过程中钎焊缝部位发生开裂导致泄漏。通过断面形貌观察、能谱及金相分析发现,法兰钎焊焊缝界面处生成了10~20μm厚的Al-Fe金属间化合物层,分析认为焊缝发生开裂的原因是焊接过程中焊缝界面处反应过度生成了较厚的脆性金属间化合物层,焊接接头偏脆因而试验过程中在试验载荷作用下发生脆性开裂。     

基于阳光泵浦激光技术的空间光通信研究综述

对基于太阳光泵浦激光技术的空间光通信研究进行了综述。介绍了太阳光泵浦激光技术在空间光通信领域的研究进展，总结了不同类型太阳光泵浦激光技术在系统设计中存在的优缺点。对于太阳光泵浦激光技术，较高能量转换效率潜力是其空间应用的重要优势，详述了太阳光泵浦激光技术中主要的能量转换环节及其影响因素等问题。为提高空间“太阳光-激光”转换效率，提出了一种太阳光泵浦光纤激光技术的设计方法，论述了其研究进展、应用前景及目前存在的问题。最后，结合该设计方法的仿真结果及效能预期提出未来重点研究的几个方向，如高效率太阳光会聚至光纤、多稀土离子掺杂增益光纤等。     

New findings and appraisal of structural control on polygonal impact crater rim-geometry,a study from Mare Fecunditatis,Moon

Polygonal Impact Craters (PICs), having a distinct polygonal rim geometry, are common on terrestrial planets, their natural satellites such as Earth’s Moon and the asteroids. The straight segments of PIC-rims are arguably subparallel or oblique to existing fracture/fault planes in their vicinity, and such pre-existing structural weak planes are considered responsible for the shape of the PICs. The Mare Fecunditatis, a lunar maria, preserves mappable PICs as well as different geomorphic features like wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains which owe their origin to either compressional or extensional faulting. To understand the structural control, if any, on the PIC-rim geometry in Mare Fecunditatis, PICs, both simple and complex, and the deformational features are mapped, superposition relations between them are observed and trends are compared. The comparison between frequency of rim segment trends of the two types of PICs with wrinkle ridges, grabens and pit crater chains, and also statistical correlation between them, interestingly indicate that the wrinkle ridges and grabens are found to have negligible or no influence on the rim geometry of the PICs. Wrinkle ridges, known to be a group of the Mare Fecunditatis' oldest deformation features, are older than most of the preserved craters and are likely to have had control over the PIC shape. However, lack of correlation between the trends of wrinkle ridges and PIC rims indicates that most of the craters were formed after the fractures beneath the old wrinkle ridges ceased to act as mechanical discontinuity planes due to possible induration caused by fracture-filling through concomitant and later magma injection. The PICs dispersed throughout the maria could have avoided the influence of the grabens, the majority of which are located near the margin of the maria. Pit crater chains with possible deep roots and still/recently continued dike activities, were the only available weak planes which could influence the PIC rim shapes.     

基于EFPI-FBG结构的光纤复合传感器研究

研究了一种基于非本征型Fabry-Perot干涉仪(EFPI)和光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)串联结构构成的EFPI-FBG光纤复合传感器,用于实现对压力和温度信号的同步测量。传感器选用熔融石英作为压力敏感材料,利用飞秒激光焊接技术实现传感器探头结构的封装。对传感器的工作原理进行了分析,制作并封装传感器工程样机,搭建测试系统,对传感器的性能进行了灵敏度及交叉敏感性分析。结果表明,该传感器在0.8 MPa范围内的灵敏度约为-0.729μm/MPa,在50℃~200℃范围的温度灵敏度为0.009 nm/℃,传感器压力测量最大允许误差为±4.12%FS。该EFPI-FBG复合传感器有望应用于压力—温度双参数测量需求的技术领域。     

复合材料气瓶铝合金内衬泄漏失效分析北大核心CSCD

复合材料气瓶在自紧过程中发生泄漏。通过断口、金相、有限元分析及综合分析得出:气瓶瓶嘴根部各向异性的粗晶组织降低了气瓶瓶嘴根部的韧、塑性和强度是气瓶内衬自紧过程中发生低压力开裂泄漏的主要原因,通过改进和控制收口加热与旋压工艺,细化了气瓶瓶嘴根部的组织,最终解决了其自紧过程中泄漏问题,稳定复合材料气瓶的质量。     

风机叶片断裂原因分析

叶片在安装试运行过程中发生断裂,断裂位置位于叶根附近,通过对故障件的观察、测试与分析,确定了叶片发生低周疲劳断裂的原因是由于生产过程中工艺控制不良,叶片根部局部区域树脂固化不完全,导致该区域的强度、刚度极低,当受到疲劳载荷作用时在结构应力集中区域首先发生分层开裂、扩展直至最终失稳断裂。同时指出固化不完全的原因。     

Effects of fiber orientation on tool wear evolution and wear mechanism when cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics

The aim of the present paper is to reveal the influence of different fiber orientations on the tool wear evolution and wear mechanism. Side-milling experiments with large-diameter milling tools are conducted. A finite element (FE) cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is established to get insight into the cutting stress status at different wear stages. The results show that different fiber orientations bring about distinct differences in the extent, profile and mechanism of tool wear. Severer wear occurs when cutting 45° and 90° plies, followed by 0°, correspondingly, the least wear is obtained when θ = 135° (θ represents the orientation of fibers). Moreover, the worn profiles of cutting tools when θ = 0° and 45° are waterfall edge, while round edge occurs when θ = 135° and a combined shape of waterfall and round edge is obtained when θ = 90°. The wear mechanisms under different fiber orientations are strongly dependent on the cutting stress distributions. The evolution of tool wear profile is basically consistent with the stress distribution on the tool surface at different wear stages, and the extent of tool wear is determined by the magnitude of stress on the tool surface. Besides, the worn edges produce an actual negative clearance angle, which decreases the actual cutting thickness and leads to compressing and bending failure of fibers beneath the cutting region as well as low surface qualities.     

起圈织物泡沫夹芯复合材料Ⅰ/Ⅱ型断裂韧性研究

夹芯复合材料在受到弯曲、剪切和冲击等载荷作用下易发生脱层损伤。脱层损伤程度与Ⅰ、Ⅱ型断裂韧性密切相关。起圈织物由于在其厚度方向引入环状纤维束，增强了与芯层的结合能力，使其在抗分层方面性能优良。本文主要研究起圈织物泡沫夹芯复合材料的Ⅰ/Ⅱ型界面断裂韧性。根据试验标准分别制作了平纹织物泡沫夹芯复合材料和起圈织物泡沫夹芯复合材料。采用双悬臂梁试验（Double cantilever beam, DCB）和末端缺口挠曲试验（End notch flexure, ENF）对上述试验件的增韧机理进行了研究。研究表明，环状纤维束的引入大大提高了界面性能。起圈结构相较于平纹结构的Ⅰ型断裂韧性GⅠC提高了434%，Ⅱ型断裂韧性GⅡC提高了400%。通过建立有限元模型，采用内聚力模型来描述裂纹的扩展，数值结果与试验结果吻合较好。