平台-捷联冗余姿控系统设计

从系统冗余的角度研究了提高运载火箭姿态控制系统可靠性的途径 ,介绍了平台 -捷联主、从式冗余姿态控制系统的组成和工作原理及故障诊断、切换和重构的模式。对平台 -捷联冗余方案进行了半实物仿真试验 ,试验中用典型致命性故障模式分别在几个特征秒和不同通道加入系统 ,记录和观察飞行过程中姿态控制系统对故障的适应能力和响应特性 ,同时研究了故障诊断阈值等对系统的影响。仿真试验证明 ,冗余方案正确、可行 ,在主、从系统出现一度故障的情况下 ,系统控制软件能正确诊断出故障 ,并且把故障部分切除 ,使系统处于稳定飞行状态     

多传感器分层多级变结构组合导航信息融合方法

基于惯性/卫星(全球卫星定位系统(GPS)/北斗双星)/多普勒/星光组合导航系统,提出了一种用于组合导航系统的多传感器分层多级变结构部分优化故障检测、隔离与系统重构(FDIR)的信息融合模型和算法。给出了模型的构成,并讨论了分层多级融合顺序与部分融合对全局估计的影响及其优化。理论分析和仿真试验结果表明,分层多级部分优化融合模型融合后的综合性能优于联邦滤波基本融合模型。     

Reliability and safety analysis of redundant vehicle management computer system

Redundant techniques are widely adopted in vehicle management computer （VMC） to ensure that VMC has high reliability and safety. At the same time, it makes VMC have special characteristics, e.g., failure correlation, event simultaneity, and failure self-recovery. Accordingly, the reliability and safety analysis to redundant VMC system （RVMCS） becomes more difficult. Aimed at the difficulties in RVMCS reliability modeling, this paper adopts generalized stochastic Petri nets to establish the reliability and safety models of RVMCS. Then this paper analyzes RVMCS oper- ating states and potential threats to flight control system. It is verified by simulation that the reli- ability of VMC is not the product of hardware reliability and software reliability, and the interactions between hardware and software faults can reduce the real reliability of VMC obviously. Furthermore, the failure undetected states and false alarming states inevitably exist in RVMCS due to the influences of limited fault monitoring coverage and false alarming probability of fault mon- itoring devices （FMD）. RVMCS operating in some failure undetected states will produce fatal threats to the safety of flight control system. RVMCS operating in some false alarming states will reduce utility of RVMCS obviously. The results abstracted in this paper can guide reliable VMC and efficient FMD designs. The methods adopted in this paper can also be used to analyze other intelligent systems＇ reliability.     

A physics-based framework for online surface roughness assessment for high-pressure turbines

Surface roughness is a critical health parameter of a turbine blade due to its implications on blade surface heat transfer and structural integrity. This paper proposes a physics-based online framework for Gas Turbine Engines (GTE), in order to assess the blade surface roughness in a high-pressure turbine without engine shutdown. The framework consolidates Gas Path Analysis (GPA) based performance monitoring models and meanline turbomachinery analysis, using a novel GPA-meanline matching process. This extracts meaningful performance deviation trends from GPA, while addressing the uncertainties associated with the measurements and modelling. To relate efficiency loss to surface roughness severity, a meanline-based system-identification process has been developed to establish the meanline representation of the turbine stage, and to incorporate the empirical surface roughness loss correlations. The roughness loss correlations have been evaluated against recent transonic test data in the literature. A modification to the compressibility correction factor has been made according to the evaluation outcome, which improved loss predictions compared to the experimental measurements. The framework was tested on the three-year operational data of a cogeneration GTE, and the results verified the framework's potential for online surface roughness monitoring. The predicted surface roughness showed agreement in both trend and the magnitude-level with the measurements reported in the literature.     

一类非线性系统的故障可诊断性量化评价方法

为将提高卫星控制系统故障诊断能力的工作重点前移到地面设计阶段,针对其中的关键问题--可诊断性评价,提出一种适用于非线性模型的可诊断性量化评价方法,对传统定性评价研究进行了有效的扩展和延伸。鉴于线性化处理导致非线性因素引起的故障被忽略,将卫星控制系统描述成一类仿射非线性模型;并基于微分几何理论,给出可诊断性（包括可检测性和可隔离性）的定义和定性评价指标--不变最小对偶分布。通过子空间相似度判别准则,根据故障方向矢量和所得不变分布以及不同故障方向矢量之间的夹角关系,分别设计可检测性和可隔离性的量化指标,并给出具体评价流程;该指标能够明确故障被检测和隔离的难易程度,并可用于指导诊断算法的设计和传感器的优化配置。最后,以动量轮为仿真实例校验本文所提方法的正确性;仿真结果表明：该方法在不依赖任何诊断算法和具体故障模式的前提下,可以实现可检测性和可隔离性的准确量化评价。     

大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮监视温度容错解析

提出了对大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮监视温度的容错解析方法,以避免由于涡轮监视温度传感器故障造成的发动机控制降级,或未检测到故障导致发动机超温.解析方法包含两种:一种是基于涡轮排气总温的解析方法作为主解析方法;另一种是基于空气流量模型的解析方法作为余度解析方法,用于在主解析温度与测量温度差异较大时进行比较取真.使用发动机试车数据进行了方法验证,结果显示:主解析方法的稳态计算误差不超过0.33%;余度解析方法的稳态计算误差不超过0.8%.这表明两种解析方法都是有效的,可以用于发动机容错控制.      

基于故障树分析法的APU故障诊断研究

故障树分析（FTA）是故障分析和故障诊断中广泛应用的一种方法。结合APU的工作特性,对APU启动困难的原因进行了分析,建立APU启动困难故障树,并对故障树的基本原因事件进行了定性、定量分析,进而提出了排除APU故障的方法,以达到预测与预防故障发生的目的。     

卫星姿态控制系统故障重构观测器设计

对于卫星姿态控制系统,提出一种基于PD型学习观测器(Learning observer, LO)的系统故障重构方法。在P型LO的学习算法基础上引入测量输出估计误差的微分项,设计了一种PD型LO,估计卫星姿态角速度和姿态角的同时,快速精确重构卫星执行机构故障。给出了所提观测器的稳定性条件,并基于线性矩阵不等式技术提出一种系统化PD型LO设计方法。进一步,将所提PD型LO设计扩展用于卫星姿态敏感器故障的快速重构。最后,将所提方法应用于微小卫星推力器故障重构和陀螺故障重构,仿真结果校验了所提方法的有效性。     

HW/SW Co-design of the Instrument Control Unit for the Energetic Particle Detector on-board Solar Orbiter

ESA’s medium-class Solar Orbiter mission is conceived to perform a close-up study of our Sun and its inner heliosphere to better understand the behaviour of our star. The mission will provide the clues to discover how the Sun creates and controls the solar wind and thereby affects the environments of all the planets. The spacecraft is equipped with a comprehensive suite of instruments. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) is one of the in-situ instruments on-board Solar Orbiter. EPD is composed of five different sensors, all of them sharing the Instrument Control Unit or ICU that is the sole interface with the spacecraft. This paper emphasises on how the hardware/software co-design approach can lead to a decrease in software complexity and highlights the versatility of the toolset that supports the development process. Following a model-driven engineering approach, these tools are capable of generating the high-level code of the software application, as well as of facilitating its configuration control and its deployment on the hardware platforms used in the different stages of the development process. Moreover, the use of the Leon2ViP virtual platform, with fault injection capabilities, allows an early software-before-hardware verification and validation and also a hardware–software co-simulation. The adopted solutions reduce development time without compromising the whole process reliability that is essential to the EPD success.     

一类飞行器网络控制系统的鲁棒故障检测算法

针对同时存在马尔可夫短时延和数据包丢失的网络环境,研究了一类飞行器网络控制系统的鲁棒故障检测问题。通过将马尔可夫短时延与丢包建模为一个有限马尔可夫链,并针对丢包建立相应的数学模型,飞行器网络控制系统被建模为离散有限马尔可夫跳变线性系统。在此基础上构建残差发生器,相应的故障检测问题归结为滤波问题。以线性矩阵不等式的形式给出并证明了故障检测滤波器的存在条件和求解方法。仿真结果表明,所提出的建模方法能够有效地减少丢包对故障检测性能的影响,同时上述故障检测方法对故障敏感,对未知扰动具有鲁棒性。