大型薄壁铸件铆接裂纹原因分析

某飞机上的一大型薄壁铸件在与蒙皮铆接时多次发生开裂,造成严重的安全隐患.通过对故障件进行的断口宏、微观检查,金相组织分析以及相关工艺试验,经综合分析讨论,明确了铸件铆接时出现裂纹的原因.结果表明:该零件铸造时变质处理不充分,材质塑性差,降低铆接时承受冲击的能力是导致开裂的主要原因,零件装配存在应力也是导致开裂的重要因素.     

恒幅及飞行模拟载荷下厚度对裂纹增长的影响

不同厚度试样的疲劳裂纹扩展试验及断口微观分析表明,恒幅加载低应力比飞行模拟载荷条件下具有明显的厚度影响。考查了模型对厚度影响的预测能力。Newman的模型具有预测厚度影响的潜力,广义改进的wellenborg模型不含有厚度影响的考虑,即使通过调整约束系数α的方法也不能计及厚度的影响。厚度对裂纹增长影响的物理原因及模型化有待于进一步研究。     

某型发动机滑油供油波纹管裂纹分析

某型发动机滑油进油管的波纹段多次发生裂纹故障,断裂部位均位于波纹管第1波谷或最后波谷处,采用断口分析、金相组织分析、断裂机理分析等方法,对滑油供油波纹管裂纹的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,装配时拉伸应力过大和工作中持续的振动应力是造成波纹管早期开裂的主要原因。结合实际经验,加强装配过程控制,提高装配质量,可有效预防滑油供油波纹管断裂故障。     

Comparative study between crack closure model and Willenborg model for fatigue prediction under overload effects

A comparative study is performed between a crack closure model and the Willenborg model, which can calculate the fatigue crack growth rate under the overload effects. The modified virtual crack annealing (VCA) model is briefly reviewed, which is based on the equivalent plastic zone concept. In this method, the retardation phenomenon is explained by the crack closure level variation, which is derived from the interactions between forward and reverse plastic zones ahead of the crack tip. As a comparison, the Forman equation in conjunction with the Willenborg model is also reviewed. The retardation phenomenon is described by directly modifying the stress intensity factor. It is known that the large plastic zone created by the overload can decelerate the fatigue crack growth rate until the crack grows beyond this region. A relationship between the plastic zone and the modified stress intensity factor is developed, which is a mathematical fitting equation instead of physical-based formulation. The experimental data in aluminum alloys are used to val-idate these two models. Overall, good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the testing data. It is noted that the approach based on modified VCA model can give more accurate prediction curves than the Willenborg model.     

气密机身纵向裂纹非线性鼓胀因子数值研究

为了研究不同几何参数包括壳半径、壳壁厚度和裂纹长度对鼓胀因子的影响,应用有限元软件ABAQUS,通过几何非线性有限元分析,计算含纵向裂纹无加强柱形壳鼓胀因子的数值,并与现有的经验公式进行对比,同时讨论双轴载荷比对鼓胀因子的影响。结果表明:大部分几何参数对鼓胀因子的数值有显著影响;现有经验公式存在局限性;当双轴载荷比从0.5增长到1.0时,鼓胀影响降低了约20%;当双轴载荷比从0.5降低到0时,鼓胀影响增加了约28%。     

Tropospheric delays from GNSS for application in coastal altimetry

In the scope of the development of an improved methodology for the computation of the wet tropospheric correction for coastal altimetry, based on the use of tropospheric delays derived from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), various studies have been conducted aiming to improve the estimation, at global scale, of GNSS-derived tropospheric delays.     

Statistical modelling of radio wave propagation under sporadic E-Layer influence

A technique of modelling the one-hop radio wave propagation at middle latitudes in the presence of sporadic E-Layer is presented. The technique is focused on the performance of the long-term forecast of the maximum usable frequency range and on the increase of the radio communication reliability. Examples of calculation for medium-distance paths are shown.     

Lorentz Symmetry breaking studies with photons from astrophysical observations

Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) may be a good observational window on Quantum Gravity physics. Within last few years, all major gamma-ray experiments have published results from the search for LIV with variable astrophysical sources: gamma-ray bursts with detectors on-board satellites and Active Galactic Nuclei with ground-based experiments. In this paper, the recent time-of-flight studies with unpolarized photons published from the space and ground based observations are reviewed. Various methods used in the time delay searches are described, and their performance discussed. Since no significant time-lag value was found within experimental precision of the measurements, the present results consist of 95% confidence level limits on the Quantum Gravity scale on the linear and quadratic terms in the standard photon dispersion relations.     

Non-Gaussian clutter characterization applied to OTHR using a mixture of two Rayleigh probability density functions

A practical technique for characterizing non-Gaussian radar clutter is specified and demonstrated using Over The Horizon Radar (OTHR) data, as an example. The technique employs maximum likelihood to fit the probability density of the clutter amplitude returns to a mixture of two Rayleigh probability densities instead of the single Rayleigh density typically used for Gaussian clutter. This model for non-Gaussian clutter is fully specified for any set of clutter amplitudes by a log likelihood, two Rayleigh parameters, and a mixing coefficient. A 3D plot of these values yields an easily-visualized clutter characterization, as is illustrated using OTHR data. This technique is a demonstration of clutter characterization using OTHR data, but the method can be applied to characterize other types of clutter data.     

中碳钢管焊接热裂纹产生的原因及对策

中碳钢总体来说焊接性差，若焊材的选择不当或工艺处理不当都会导致焊接热裂纹的出现，热裂纹的产生主要与焊材或母材中碳、硫、磷含量过高有关，与焊接工艺方法也有一定关系。为避免热裂纹的出现，必须制订合理的焊接工艺，减少碳、硫、磷有害合金元素溶人焊缝，采用抗裂性好的碱性焊条或TIG焊接及适当的工艺措施等，对解决热裂纹有重要的意义。