扫描辐射计内光路反射镜中SiO2／Ag薄膜系统的失效分析

SiO_2/Ag薄膜系统是扫描辐射计内光路反射镜的主要组成部分。采用高分辨扫描俄歇微探针(SAM)和扫描电镜分析对SiO_2/Ag 薄膜系统失效进行了较为全面的分析研究。通过扫描电镜观察发现,失效的反射镜表面SiO_2薄膜上存在大量析出物,借助于SAM分析,表明这些析出物主要是银和铜,析出物表面伴随有硫化和氧化。SAM的深度剖面结果说明,有析出物存在的区域,各薄膜层中存在原子间的扩散。文章就反射镜中Ag、Cu、和O的扩散和穿透行为进行了讨论,认为SiO_2薄膜致密度较差是导致反射镜失效的主要原因之一。     

大型转动机械碰摩故障分析的声发射检测系统

汽轮发电机、空气压缩机等采用油膜支撑的大型转动机械,由于安装或运行中的原因,在转子旋转过程中,可能和器壁发生轻微的摩擦和碰击,简称碰摩.声发射技术在碰摩发生特别是故障早期诊断上有优越性.本系统的特点是没有沿用传统的计数、幅度、能量和持续时间等声发射特性参数,而是在声发射包络信号的频率分析中进行特征提取.声发射发生的过程分析和现场试验都表明这种方法对碰摩检测很敏感,在碰摩发生的起始阶段,包络谱中与转速同步的周期性分量显著增加.根据这种新的设计思想自行研制了BUAA碰摩声发射检测仪并对此作了介绍.     

Spectra and time variability of black-hole binaries in the low/hard state

We propose a jet model for the low/hard state of galactic black-hole X-ray sources which explains the energy spectra from radio to X-rays and a number of timing properties in the X-ray domain such as the time lag spectra, the hardening of the power density spectra and the narrowing of the autocorrelation function with increasing photon energy. The model assumes that (i) there is a magnetic field along the axis of the jet, (ii) the electron density in the jet drops inversely proportional to distance, (iii) the jet is “hotter” near its center than at its periphery, and (iv) the electrons in the jet follow a power-law distribution function. We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of Compton upscattering of soft photons from the accretion disk and have found power-law high-energy spectra with photon-number index in the range 1.5–2 and cutoff at a few hundred keV, power-law time lags versus Fourier frequency with index 0.8, and an increase of the rms amplitude of variability and a narrowing of the autocorrelation function with increasing photon energy as they have been observed in Cygnus X-1. The spectrum at long wavelengths (radio, infrared, optical) is modeled to come from synchrotron radiation of the energetic electrons in the jet. We find flat to inverted radio spectra that extend from the radio up to about the optical band. For magnetic field strengths of the order 10⁵–10⁶ G at the base of the jet, the calculated spectra agree well in slope and flux with the observations.     

An energy-based coupling degradation propagation model and its application to aviation actuation system

The degradation of components in complex mechatronic systems involves multiple physical processes which will cause coupling interactions among nodes in the system. The interaction of nodes may be carried out not only by physical connections but also by the environment which cannot be described by single network using the traditional methods. In order to give out a unified model to quantitatively describe the coupling degradation spreading by both physical connections and environment, a novel Energy-Flow-Field Network (EFFN) and a coupling degradation model based on EFFN are proposed in this paper. The EFFN is driven by energy flow and the state transition of spatially related nodes is triggered by the dissipation energy. An application is conducted on aviation actuation system in which the degradation spreading by fluid-thermal-solid interaction is considered. The degradation path and the most probable fault reason can be obtained by combining the state transition and energy output of nodes, which is consistent with the given scenario.     

Modeling the broadband persistent emission of magnetars

In this paper, we discuss our first attempts to model the broadband persistent emission of magnetars within a self-consistent, physical scenario. We present the predictions of a synthetic model that we calculated with a new Monte Carlo 3D radiative code. The basic idea is that soft thermal photons (e.g. emitted by the star surface) can experience resonant cyclotron upscattering by a population of relativistic electrons treated in the twisted magnetosphere. Our code is specifically tailored to work in the ultra-magnetized regime; polarization and QED effects are consistently accounted for, as well different configurations for the magnetosphere. We discuss the predicted spectral properties in the 0.1–1000 keV range, the polarization properties, and we present the model application to a sample of magnetars soft X-ray spectra.     

The beaming of external Compton emission

We consider a relativistically moving blob consisting of an isotropic electron distribution that Compton-scatters photons from an external isotropic radiation field. We compute the resulting beaming pattern, i.e. the distribution of the scattered photons, in the blob frame as well as in the observer’s frame by using the full Klein–Nishina cross section and the exact incident photon distribution. In the Thomson regime the comparison of our approach with Dermer (1995) results in concurrent characteristics but different absolute number of the scattered photons by a factor of f_corr = 3.09. Additionally, our calculation yields a slightly lower boost factor which varies the more from the corresponding value in Dermer (1995) the higher the spectral index p of the electron distribution gets.     

Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型开裂性能预测

基于Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型断裂韧性的试验结果、Z-pins增强机理,提出了Z-pins拔出的单线性软化模型.重点考虑了Z-pins直径范围内拔出位移的不一致性,在简单双悬臂梁（DCB）理论的基础上,获得了Z-pins增强陶瓷基复合材料层间Ⅰ型开裂性能的分析预测模型,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.在此基础上,采用预测模型获得了不同Z-pins直径、裂纹长度下的裂尖能量释放率,并与理想弹簧元法进行了比较.结果表明:当裂尖靠近Z-pins时,随着Z-pins直径增大,两种方法所得的裂尖能释放率的差异逐渐增大,但总体来说差异的量级很小;随着裂纹长度的增加,裂尖逐渐远离Z-pins,两种方法所得的裂尖能释放率的存在较大的差异,不能忽略Z-pins直径范围内拔出位移不一的影响.      

基于多失效模式的扭簧可靠性优化分析

基于广义应力 广义强度分布干涉理论和单一失效模式下扭簧可靠性计算模型,建立了多失效模式下扭簧可靠度优化数学模型,采用规格化加权法进行各失效模式影响相同（等失效效应）和有差异（非等失效效应）两种情况下的扭簧可靠度计算。在给定扭簧结构和工况约束条件下,应用提出的计算模型和技术进行了失效模式影响相同和有差异的基于可靠度最大的扭簧结构优化,与非优化结构的扭簧可靠度的比较,以及这两种情况下的扭簧可靠度比较。结果表明,提出的可靠度优化模型和方法是可靠和有效的,对于航天工程中零部件的可靠性优化分析具有很好的借鉴作用。     

含闭链机构机器人动力学探讨

本文用Appell方程就含闭链机构机器人动力学研究作了新的探讨,给出了建立含闭链机构机器人动力学方程的一般方法。旨在把含闭链机构机器人分解成相应的开链机构进行研究,因而大大简化了推导过程。文中通过一个实际工业机器人动力学方程的推导,证实了该方法的可行性。     

Preparation,Growth Mechanisms and Characterizations of ZnSe Films via the Solvothermal Method

With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate surface treatment on the quality and morpholo-gies of the ZnSe films were investigated. The growth mechanism of ZnSe films was proved to be a layer-nucleation growth process, which was tied in with the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) model. ZnSe films were identified by the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), the scan-ning electron microscope (SEM), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and the photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The results indicate that the modified solvothermal method with diethylamine as a solvent is suitable to prepare high quality ZnSe films.