Reliability evaluation of avionics system with imperfect fault coverage and propagated failure mechanisms

Fault tolerance designs are essential techniques for systems that require high levels of reliability, such as aircraft or spacecraft control system. Imperfect Fault Coverage (IFC) may lead to the failure of a system or subsystem even with adequate redundancy. Previous studies of IFC mostly concentrated on evaluating Coverage Factor (CF), whereas the system failure behaviors with IFC have rarely been involved. Failures that occur in low-layer may be covered by high-layer. However, if the coverage is imperfect, uncovered failure will have functional and physical impact on the system behavior. In this thesis, the failure behavior and reliability of IFC of multi-layer systems are studied and a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD)-based modeling and simulation method are proposed to evaluate system reliability. As a case, the failure behavior of an aero engine electronic controller with IFC is studied. The results show that the IFC may impact system behavior without taking the IFC into account, the system maintenance intervals may reduce, and thus the maintenance costs will increase.     

GNSS接收机中采样率对时间鉴别力的影响

探讨了GNSS系统中,伪码跟踪环的时间鉴别力与采样率之间的定量关系,提出了时间鉴别力的性能评估准则及其计算方法。然后以GPS L5信号为例,重点考察多普勒效应对采样系统时间鉴别力的影响。实验表明,一般来说,随着采样率的增加,采样系统的时间鉴别力也会随之提高。但是当采样率接近或者恰好等于码片速率的整数倍时,采样系统的时间鉴别力会陡然下降。虽然多普勒效应能够显著改善等量采样系统的时间鉴别力,但是与设计良好的非等量采样率相比,其改善程度十分有限。本文提出的算法可以应用于GNSS数字接收机设计工作,以选择“较优”的采样率,即以较低的硬件成本实现较高的时间鉴别力。
     

基于热喷涂技术制备的热障涂层

着眼于热喷涂技术在热障涂层制备方面的研究现状,在分析热障涂层失效原因的基础上,介绍了等离子喷涂技术及冷喷涂技术和在热障涂层结合层和陶瓷层制备方面的研究进展。     

神经网络模型在TDNS准则中的应用研究

时域Neal-Smith（TDNS）准则源于频域Neal-Smith（FDNS）准则和阶跃目标跟踪准则,被广泛应用于纵向驾驶员诱发振荡（PIO）趋势的预测研究。在该准则采用的人机闭环系统中,广泛运用结构简单且能反映飞行员基本行为特征的拟线性驾驶员模型。但在实际情况中,驾驶员的行为通常具有高度的非线性,为了更精确地描述驾驶员的非线性特性,采用神经网络方法建立驾驶员模型。利用某机的试飞数据对神经网络进行了训练和测试,生成了神经网络模型。针对TDNS预测准则,建立了相应的仿真模型,通过仿真运算,得到了该飞机的P10预测结果。研究表明：相对于传统的驾驶员模型,神经网络模型能够更好与真实驾驶员相匹配;在TDNS评估准则中运用神经网络模型具有实际的意义。     

层合复合材料高速冲击仿真研究进展

简述高强度纤维增强层合复合材料在高速冲击下的主要损伤模式和计算后的能量评估内容,介绍有限元仿真过程中不同材料模型、失效模型和刚度软化的特点,评述整体和分层两种建模方法的优缺点,提出发展趋势。     

一种航天器热平衡试验温度稳定判据确定方法

针对典型航天器热控设计与传热过程特点,建立了设备与舱体动态耦合换热集总参数模型。提出了一种基于热时间常数的航天器热平衡试验温度稳定判据确定方法,给出了双节点耦合换热型航天器系统的热时间常数定义,建立了热平衡温差与温度变化率的对应关系。提出了基于Levenberg-Marquardt最小二乘法温度曲线拟合的热时间常数实时修正方法,该实时修正方法可用于多节点耦合换热航天器热平衡温度稳定判据确定。讨论了目前广泛采用的航天器热平衡试验温度稳定判据的适用性,研究结果可用于指导航天器热平衡试验中温度稳定判据确定。     

GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution based on integrity restriction in ambiguity domain

Carrier phase ambiguity resolution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a key technology for high-precision navigation and positioning, and it is a challenge for applications which require both high accuracy and high integrity. This paper proposes efficient ambiguity resolution methods based on integrity restriction using Fixed Failure rate Ratio Test (FF-RT) and Doubly Non-central F-distribution Ratio Test (DNF-RT), and derives the related processing models and numerical algorithms compared with the traditional Ratio Test (RT) method. Firstly, the integer ambiguity resolution and validation procedures, especially the Least squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) estimation and RT validation are analyzed. Then the quality evaluation using success rate, the FF-RT method using Integer Aperture (IA) estimation and the NDF-RT method are proposed. Lastly, the simulation and analysis for LAMBDA using RT, FF-RT and DNF-RT methods are performed. Simulation results show that in case of unbiased scenario FF-RT and DNF-RT have similar performances, which are significantly better than RT. In case of biased scenario it is difficult for FF-RT to predict the biased success rate thus it should not be used for bias detection, while DNF-RT can detect biases in most cases except for the biases are approximate or equal to integer, which has the important benefit for early detection of potential threat to the position solution.     

基于层次分析法的数字化校园评价指标权重确定

数字化校园评价体系中,评价指标及其指标权重是关键因素。研究用层次分析法确定数字化校园评价指标权重,并用实例进行计算,探索了一种确定数字化校园评价指标权重的科学途径。     

Multiscale modeling of mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of 3D angle-interlock woven aluminum composites subjected to warp/weft directional tension loading

The mechanical behavior and progressive damage mechanism of novel aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 3D angle-interlock woven carbon fibers were investigated using a multiscale modeling approach. The mechanical properties and failure of yarns were evaluated using a microscale model under different loading scenarios. On this basis, a mesoscale model was developed to analyze the tensile behavior and failure mechanism of the composites. The interfacial decohesion, matrix damage, and failure of fibers and yarns were incorporated into the microscopic and mesoscopic models. The stress–strain curves and fracture modes from simulation show good agreement with the experimental curves and fracture morphology. Local interface and matrix damage initiate first under warp directional tension. Thereafter, interfacial failure, weft yarn cracking, and matrix failure occur successively. Axial fracture of warp yarn, which displays a quasi-ductile fracture characteristic, dominates the ultimate composites failure. Under weft directional tension, interfacial failure and warp yarn rupture occur at the early and middle stages. Matrix failure and weft yarn fracture emerge simultaneously at the final stage, leading to the cata-strophic failure of composites. The weft directional strength and fracture strain are lower than the warp directional ones because of the lower weft density and the more serious brittle fracture of weft yarns.     

浮升力对竖直上升圆管内超临界航空煤油换热的影响及评价准则

为深入理解航空发动机再生冷却热防护中的换热机理,对竖直上升圆管内超临界压力RP-3航空煤油的传热恶化开展了实验研究。探究了两类传热恶化的换热特征和形成机理,考察了热流密度、质量流量和进口压力对传热恶化的影响机制。获得了两类传热恶化的起始条件判别准则。以Nu/Nu0=0.75作为依据,建立了浮升力影响评价准则。通过格拉晓夫数修正实现了换热关联式预测。结果表明：两类传热恶化出现在不同条件下,低温区传热恶化源于边界层转捩和浮升力的综合作用,当进口雷诺数高于5730时其不再出现;高温区传热恶化的临界热流密度可以表述为质量流量的函数关系。当浮升力参数Grb/Re2.7和Gr/Re2分别高于10-7、10-3时,浮升力作用不可忽略。改进的换热关联式具有合理的预测精度,满足热防护系统设计的工程运用。