面向产品综合设计的故障知识本体研究

以满足产品的性能与可靠性维修性保障性(RMS)综合设计需求为目标,对产 品设计过程中如何预防故障,定位故障及故障维修的相关概念进行分析、总结和归纳,提出 了以故障知识为核心,面向产品综合设计的知识本体框架,该框架将相关概念划分为四层进 行描述,即产品层、故障基本概念层、故障扩展层、故障应对层。利用本体论方法对相关的 核心概念进行了形式化的定义,并给出了基本的故障知识本体和设计应对本体结构。最后以 挑战者号航天飞机的失事为例,应用本文建立的故障本体较好地表达了航天飞机故障过程及 应对的改进措施,验证了该方法的可行性。
     

基于闭环准则的LQG/LTR飞行控制律优化设计

针对LQG/LTR飞行控制律设计中加权矩阵的选取问题,提出了一种基于闭环准则的LQG/LTR飞行控制律优化设计方法。以俯仰姿态控制律优化设计为例,首先基于闭环准则选取了满足一级飞行品质要求的参考模型,并基于该参考模型使用粒子群优化算法优化得到了两个加权矩阵,从而得到了卡尔曼滤波器和相应的目标反馈回路。进而借鉴飞机等效系统拟配的方法,优化得到了另两个加权矩阵,从而得到了LQG最优控制器,完成了回路传递恢复的优化设计。仿真结果表明,通过该方法能够快速自动地选取合适的加权矩阵,使得优化设计的LQG/LTR飞行控制律较好地满足了俯仰姿态控制的要求。     

飞机飞行品质规范的新进展--对MIL-STD-1797的初步分析

根据国外文献和研究资料的公开报道，介绍了美国空军颁发的《军用标准－－有人驾驶飞行器飞行品质》（ＭＩＬ－ＳＴＤ－１７９７）的主要内容和特点，尤其对ＭＩＬ－ＳＴＤ－１７９７中新增加的条款，如：“对各项要求的验证”、“对驾驶员座位处的法向加速度”、“对俯仰短周期反应”等进行了分析和研究。指出：这些验证要求，不仅可以确保飞机的飞行品质和飞行安全，而且可以缩短飞机研制和试飞的周期、节省研制经费，可以为我国新     

Finite Element Modelling of Failure of a Multi-Material Target due to High Velocity Space Debris Impacts

Lagrangian finite element methods have been used extensively in the past to study the non-linear transient behaviour of materials, ranging from crash tests of cars to simulating bird strikes on planes. However, as this type of space discretisation does not allow for motion of the material through the mesh when modelling extremely large deformations, the mesh becomes highly distorted. This paper describes some limitations and applicability of this type of analysis for high velocity impacts. A method for dealing with this problem by the erosion of elements is proposed, where the main driver is the definition of element failure strains. Results were compared with empirical perforation results and were found to be in good agreement. The results were then used to simulate high velocity impacts upon a multi-layered aluminium target in order to predict a ballistic limit curve. LS-DYNA3D was used as the FE solver for all simulations. Meshes were generated using Truegrid.     

火场中电梯疏散失败的FTA分析与探讨

通过对火灾导致电梯疏散失败的故障树的建立与分析,计算了导致顶事件发生的最小割集与最小径集,以及影响顶事件发生的结构重要度和割集重要度。并由此提出了火灾情况下降低电梯运行风险,提高可靠性的相关措施。为火灾情况下利用电梯进行疏散的可靠性提供了参考依据。     

发动机操作与悬摆式配重失效浅析

航空活塞发动机曲轴上装用的悬摆式配重组件承受着巨大的离心力及微动冲击力,工作条件极其恶劣,一旦失效,将直接导致发动机内部机件(如连杆、活塞、汽缸和凸轮轴等)出现严重的二次损伤,致使发动机停车。本文阐述了悬摆减振器减振原理和配重功用,分析了发动机操作与配重组件失效之间的内在联系,由此提出具体的预防措施。     

Reliability evaluation of avionics system with imperfect fault coverage and propagated failure mechanisms

Fault tolerance designs are essential techniques for systems that require high levels of reliability, such as aircraft or spacecraft control system. Imperfect Fault Coverage (IFC) may lead to the failure of a system or subsystem even with adequate redundancy. Previous studies of IFC mostly concentrated on evaluating Coverage Factor (CF), whereas the system failure behaviors with IFC have rarely been involved. Failures that occur in low-layer may be covered by high-layer. However, if the coverage is imperfect, uncovered failure will have functional and physical impact on the system behavior. In this thesis, the failure behavior and reliability of IFC of multi-layer systems are studied and a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD)-based modeling and simulation method are proposed to evaluate system reliability. As a case, the failure behavior of an aero engine electronic controller with IFC is studied. The results show that the IFC may impact system behavior without taking the IFC into account, the system maintenance intervals may reduce, and thus the maintenance costs will increase.     

Multi-infill strategy for kriging models used in variable fidelity optimization

In this paper, a computationally efficient optimization method for aerodynamic design has been developed. The low-fidelity model and the multi-infill strategy are utilized in this approach. Low-fidelity data is employed to provide a good global trend for model prediction, and multiple sample points chosen by different infill criteria in each updating cycle are used to enhance the exploitation and exploration ability of the optimization approach. Take the advantages of low-fidelity model and the multi-infill strategy, and no initial sample for the high-fidelity model is needed. This approach is applied to an airfoil design case and a high-dimensional wing design case. It saves a large number of high-fidelity function evaluations for initial model construction. What’s more, faster reduction of an aerodynamic function is achieved, when compared to ordinary kriging using the multi-infill strategy and variable-fidelity model using single infill criterion. The results indicate that the developed approach has a promising application to efficient aerodynamic design when high-fidelity analyses are involved.     

舰载飞机弹射起飞的机舰参数适配特性

舰载飞机与航母之间的参数适配特性是弹射起飞总体方案设计阶段的关键问题之一。针对舰面起飞的复杂环境,建立了舰载飞机弹射起飞的数学仿真模型。在此基础上,分析了各主要机舰参数对弹射起飞安全性的影响,并计算得到满足弹射起飞安全准则的主要机舰参数的适配值集合。研究结果表明:在弹射起飞过程中,增加弹射能量、前起落架突伸力和升降舵预置偏角均可抑制航迹下沉;在适配值集合内,随着弹射能量的增加,升降舵预置偏角的适配范围增大,前起落架突伸力的影响减小。     

基于热喷涂技术制备的热障涂层

着眼于热喷涂技术在热障涂层制备方面的研究现状,在分析热障涂层失效原因的基础上,介绍了等离子喷涂技术及冷喷涂技术和在热障涂层结合层和陶瓷层制备方面的研究进展。