基于改进扩展分形特征的SAR图像目标检测方法

提出了一种新的纹理特征-改进扩展分形特征用于SAR图像目标检测.改进扩展分形特征通过度量SAR图像中物体表面四个方向的结构函数在双尺度上的增量水平,确定目标与杂波在特征空间的不同响应特性,实现目标的检测.采用模拟目标脉冲模型分析了改进扩展分形特征在不同信噪比条件下对不同尺寸目标的响应特性,分析结果表明改进扩展分形特征具有目标尺寸敏感性.利用SAR实测数据验证了改进扩展分形特征在强杂波和多目标环境下的优良检测性能与空间分辨率特性.     

ESO-based event-triggered attitude control of spacecraft with unknown actuator faults

An event-triggered control strategy based on extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the attitude tracking problem of small plug-and-play spacecraft with uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults. A simplified controller is developed based on the angular velocity and the general disturbances estimated by the provided ESO using the information of the system inputs and the angular velocities. In the designed event-triggered sampling mechanism, a state-dependent event-triggered strategy determines the triggering instant of the controller to reduce the frequency of information transmission between the controller and the actuator. In comparison with the previous literature, this paper considers uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults as general disturbances estimated by ESO, especially for the actuator faults. The inputs of ESO are the error of the angular velocities, which can simplify the controller design. Moreover, the designed ESO can effectively attenuate the influence of measured noises generated by the gyroscopes. The proposed event-triggered policy balances the performance of event-triggering and the control stability performance, which reduces the final state convergence regions without increasing more triggering times compared to existing studies. Furthermore, the investigated policy achieves Zeno-free triggering. Numerical simulations verify theoretical results.     

高超声速飞行器指令滤波反演控制

针对含有不确定扰动项的吸气式高超声速飞行器纵向非线性模型,提出了一种基于指令滤波器的反演控制方法。将飞行器动力学模型划分为航迹角子系统和速度子系统并表示为严格反馈形式,采用动态逆方法设计反演控制中每步的虚拟控制量,并对指令滤波过程中产生的误差进行补偿。利用指令滤波器获取虚拟控制量的一阶导数,解决了反演控制方法中的“微分项膨胀”问题,同时引入虚拟控制量和实际控制量的幅值、速率和带宽约束。采用扩展状态观测器(ESO)对模型中的不确定项进行估计和补偿,保证闭环系统在存在参数不确定和外部扰动的情况下仍具有良好的控制性能。仿真结果表明,在飞行器总体参数和气动参数存在偏差的情况下,该方案能够实现对速度和航迹角参考信号的稳定跟踪。     

一元线性回归方程在大电流分流器测量中的应用

主要分析了在电力系统测试中温度对大电流分流器测量的影响,阐述了统计学中一元线性回归方程的原理、求解方法及作用;在实际应用中利用线性回归方程解决了大电流分流器测量中温度带来的影响,该方法对科研试验的测量问题具有指导作用。     

对空间碎片的相对位姿估计

针对几何、质量特性参数均未知的空间碎片,提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）的相对位姿估计算法。该算法以单目相机获得的目标图像特征视线信息作为测量输入,以目标姿态、姿态角速度、惯量比、相对位置、相对速度和特征位置作为滤波状态。对算法进行可观性分析,给出两个可以保证算法可观性的条件。分别针对不同条件进行数值仿真,仿真结果表明新算法能够对几何和质量参数未知的空间碎片进行有效的相对位姿 估计。     

Multi-rover navigation on the lunar surface

The paper presents a method of determination an accurate position of a target (rover, immobile sensor, astronaut) on surface of the Moon or other celestial body devoid of navigation infrastructure (like Global Positioning System), by using a group of self-calibrating rovers, which serves as mobile reference points. The rovers are equipped with low-precision clocks synchronized by external broadcasting signal, to measure the moments of receiving radio signals sent by localized target. Based on the registered times, distances between transmitter and receivers installed on beacons are calculated. Each rover determines and corrects its own absolute position and orientation by using odometry navigation and measurements of relative distances and angles to other mobile reference points. Accuracy of navigation has been improved by the use of a calibration algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter, which uses internal encoder readings as inputs and relative measurements of distances and orientations between beacons as feedback information. The key idea in obtaining reliable values of absolute position and orientation of beacons is to first calibrate one of the rovers, using the remaining ones as reference points and then allow the whole group to move together and calibrate all the rovers in-motion. We consider a number of cases, in which basic modeling parameters such as terrain roughness, formation size and shape as well as availability of distance and angle measurements are varied.     

中心差分Kalman滤波方法在X射线脉冲星导航中的应用

由于脉冲星脉冲到达时间的测量需要较长时间,基于传统的扩展Kalman滤波的X射线脉 冲星定轨方法精度较低。为此,提出了将中心差分Kalman滤波应用于X射线脉冲星导航中, 利用中心差分Kalman滤波替代扩展Kalman滤波,通过结合航天器轨道动力学模型和脉冲星观 测信息进行定轨。仿真结果表明,中心差分Kalman滤波方法的定轨精度高于扩展Kalman滤波 方法。     

影响民航客机着陆性能的因素分析

结合典型飞行事故案例,讨论分析了在实际飞行中导致民航客机着陆性能恶化的主要因素,即高高度大速度进场,不正确的接地技术以及刹车使用不当等。并以７３７－３００型飞机为例具体分析了高高度、大速度进场的特点及对着陆距离的影响,讨论了带平飘轻接地,不正确的接地技术导致着陆距离增长的原因,这些对帮助飞行员改进着陆操纵技术具有重要的指导作用。     

大型水平滑台的力学特性研究与结构优化

从设计与试验角度出发,对某大型水平滑台的强度、振动模态等力学特性进行了研究,提出一种新模型来计算滑板的一阶轴向固有频率,并对如何利用大型水平滑台进行超重物体的振动试验进行了计算分析,研究结果在实际使用中得到了验证。最后,从结构优化角度出发,对今后如何设计更大型的水平滑台提供参考方案。     

A hybrid original approach for prediction of the aerodynamic coe?cients of an ATR-42 scaled wing model

A new approach for the prediction of lift, drag, and moment coefficients is presented. This approach is based on the support vector machines (SVMs) methodology and an optimization meta-heuristic algorithm called extended great deluge (EGD). The novelty of this approach is the hybridization between the SVM and the EGD algorithm. The EGD is used to optimize the SVM parameters. The training and validation of this new identification approach is realized using the aerodynamic coefficients of an ATR-42 wing model. The aerodynamic coefficients data are obtained with the XFoil software and experimental tests using the Price–Pa?doussis wind tunnel. The predicted results with our approach are compared with those from the XFoil software and experimental results for different flight cases of angles of attack and Mach numbers. The main pur-pose of this methodology is to rapidly predict aircraft aerodynamic coefficients.