SRM壳体/绝热层脱粘的XFEM

将扩展有限元法(XFEM)用于研究固体火箭发动机(SRM)壳体/绝热层的脱粘。将层隙型和紧贴型脱粘等效为双材料界面裂纹,建立了XFEM的双材料界面裂纹分析模型,并给出了其中核心算法——应变矩阵的求解,通过相互作用积分求出应力强度因子和能量释放率。算例结果表明,XFEM的计算结果与理论值的差异较小,可用于有效求解脱粘问题。     

Sleep and cognitive function of crewmembers and mission controllers working 24-h shifts during a simulated 105-day spaceflight mission

The success of long-duration space missions depends on the ability of crewmembers and mission support specialists to be alert and maintain high levels of cognitive function while operating complex, technical equipment. We examined sleep, nocturnal melatonin levels and cognitive function of crewmembers and the sleep and cognitive function of mission controllers who participated in a high-fidelity 105-day simulated spaceflight mission at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (Moscow). Crewmembers were required to perform daily mission duties and work one 24-h extended duration work shift every sixth day. Mission controllers nominally worked 24-h extended duration shifts. Supplemental lighting was provided to crewmembers and mission controllers. Participants' sleep was estimated by wrist-actigraphy recordings. Overall, results show that crewmembers and mission controllers obtained inadequate sleep and exhibited impaired cognitive function, despite countermeasure use, while working extended duration shifts. Crewmembers averaged 7.04±0.92 h (mean±SD) and 6.94±1.08 h (mean±SD) in the two workdays prior to the extended duration shifts, 1.88±0.40 h (mean±SD) during the 24-h work shift, and then slept 10.18±0.96 h (mean±SD) the day after the night shift. Although supplemental light was provided, crewmembers’ average nocturnal melatonin levels remained elevated during extended 24-h work shifts. Naps and caffeine use were reported by crewmembers during ∼86% and 45% of extended night work shifts, respectively. Even with reported use of wake-promoting countermeasures, significant impairments in cognitive function were observed. Mission controllers slept 5.63±0.95 h (mean±SD) the night prior to their extended duration work shift. On an average, 89% of night shifts included naps with mission controllers sleeping an average of 3.4±1.0 h (mean±SD) during the 24-h extended duration work shift. Mission controllers also showed impaired cognitive function during extended duration work shifts.These findings indicate that extended duration work shifts present a significant challenge to crewmembers and mission support specialists during long-duration space mission operations. Future research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of alternative work schedules and the development and implementation of more effective countermeasures will be required to maintain high levels of performance.     

大型工程装备可拓制造模型研究

在大型工程装备快速变批量生产需求环境下,基于可拓协同制造资源概念,提出了装备可拓制造"超网络"链制造模式,研究了可拓制造能力单元的RKCQ流模型,构建了可拓制造"超网络"链的参考模型与组建过程模型,并指出使能技术框架体系,可拓制造"超网络"链模式提出的目的在于为大型工程装备制造系统应对不确定性的需求提供制造能力储备.     

Adaptive neural network control of nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics

In this study, an adaptive neural network control approach is proposed to achieve accurate and robust control of nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics, wherein the neural network is innovatively used to learn the inverse problem of system dynamics with guaranteed convergence. This study focuses on the following three contributions. First, the considered system is transformed into a multi-integrator system using an input–output linearization technique, and an extended state observation technique is used to identify the transformed states. Second, an iterative control learning algorithm is proposed to achieve the neural network training, and stability analysis is given to prove that the network’s predictions converge to ideal control inputs with guaranteed convergence. Third, an adaptive neural network controller is developed by combining the trained network and a proportional-integral controller, and the long-standing challenge of model-based methods for control determination of unknown dynamics is resolved. Simulation results of a virtual control mission and an aerospace altitude tracking mission are provided to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques and illustrate the adaptability and robustness of the proposed controller.     

Nonlinear filtering for sequential spacecraft attitude estimation with real data: Cubature Kalman Filter,Unscented Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filter

This article compares the attitude estimated by nonlinear estimator Cubature Kalman Filter with results obtained by the Extended Kalman Filter and Unscented Kalman Filter. Currently these estimators are the subject of great interest in attitude estimation problems, however, mostly the Extended Kalman Filter has been applied to real problems of this nature. In order to evaluate the behavior of the Extended Kalman Filter, Unscented Kalman Filter and Cubature Kalman Filter algorithms when submitted to realistic situations, this paper uses real data of sensors on-board the CBERS-2 remote sensing satellite (China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite). It is observed that, for the case studied in this article, the filters are very competitive and present advantages and disadvantages that should be dealt with according to the requirements of the problem.     

加速度计温控系统被控对象建模技术研究

加速度计工作过程中,其内部与外界环境存在温度梯度,针对温度变化影响加速度计参数的问题,提出了一种加速度计温控系统被控对象建模的方法。进行了多工作点加速度计升温和降温试验,采用递推增广最小二乘法对被控对象模型进行了辨识,建立了加速度计温控系统被控对象模型和降温模型,计算结果表明,3min后温控系统被控对象模型曲线残差在-0.5~0.5℃之间,降温模型曲线残差在-0.15~0.15℃之间,满足系统对加速度计性能需求,表明了方法的有效性。     

圆形轨迹导引下的无人机事件触发抗干扰环绕控制

针对内部不确定性以及外部环境摄动的目标环绕控制问题,在基于反步法的双层制导框架下,利用级联控制思想,提出了一种圆形轨迹导引下的四旋翼无人机事件触发抗扰环绕控制方法。在轨迹回路中,构建了可满足持续激励条件的目标位置估计器,保证仅通过视线方位角就能获取可满足最终一致有界条件的目标估计项。随后,基于目标的位置估计结果,设计了目标环绕控制律生成线速度指令,并通过方向向量场验证了该环绕制导律的有效性,消除了现有李雅普诺夫向量场制导(LVFG)对相对位置和目标速度的依赖。在姿态回路中,通过采用扩张状态观测器(ESO)补偿系统的集总不确定性,设计了基于相对阈值事件触发控制的姿态控制器,在有效降低控制器到执行机构之间信号传输频率的同时,实现了四旋翼无人机对静止/移动目标环绕。然后,借助输入状态稳定性定理证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提控制方案能够实现圆形轨迹导引下四旋翼无人机对静止/移动目标的环绕监视。     

MSCSG转子系统的扩展双频Bode图稳定性分析方法

为分析洛伦兹力磁轴承驱动磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺（MSCSG）转子偏转过程中的稳定性,针对现有双频Bode图稳定性判据方法仅适用于最小相位系统的不足,提出一种基于扩展双频Bode图的稳定性分析方法。根据洛伦兹力磁轴承工作原理建立了MSCSG转子偏转系统动力学模型;通过变量重构,将实系数双输入双输出系统等效变换为复系数单输入单输出系统;在分析Nyquist曲线与Bode图关联性的基础上,提出针对非最小相位系统的扩展双频Bode图稳定性判据,对不同转速下MSCSG转子系统稳定性进行预测,并通过转速根轨迹曲线预测转子系统的转速稳定区间。所提出的扩展双频Bode图稳定判据结果与时域仿真校验结果相一致,验证了本文所提出的稳定性分析方法的正确性和有效性。     

复杂不确定性下多无人机的抗扰时变编队控制

针对存在不确定非线性动态和外部时变干扰的多无人机系统的时变编队问题,提出了基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的抗扰编队控制方法。首先建立了分布式ESO来估计多无人机系统的不确定性,基于ESO的输出提出了抗扰编队控制律,并提出一套算法来对控制律进行参数选定。然后,通过分析得到基于该控制律下,多无人机系统实现抗扰时变编队所需要的充要条件,并最终严格证明了在满足编队充要条件和基于提出的控制律下,多无人机系统可以稳定实现抗扰时变编队。最后仿真结果表明理论方法的有效性。     

基于MLAMBDA的BDS/GPS单频RTK性能分析

GNSS RTK技术以其高精度、高效率、实时性的优点,被广泛应用于航空航天等领域.目前双频RTK技术已非常成熟并且应用较广.相比于双频,单频GNSS RTK在数据质量控制、定位误差处理等方面存在难点.因此单频RTK服务精度可能会受到限制,其定位性能有待研究.本文基于扩展卡尔曼滤波模型,通过MLAMBDA模糊度搜索方法和Ratio检验法,结合实测数据,对比分析BDS,GPS,BDS/GPS三种模式下的单频RTK定位性能.实验证明在静态场景下,三种模式的单频RTK定位精度都在厘米级,可满足高精度定位需求;动态场景下三种模式的模糊度固定率都在70%以上,可满足日常定位需求.在静态及动态应用场景下,北斗的模糊度固定率最高,模糊度解算所用时间短,能实现快速RTK定位.