航天用复合材料结构高温极限承载能力试验方法

针对航天飞行器飞行特点,本文给出两种基于破坏时间的承载能力试验方法,可以获得结构在不同飞行温度和时间下的承载能力。能够充分发挥材料在传热过程中的高温承载能力,降低结构防热质量。     

Experimental investigation on ice-breaking performance of a novel plasma striker

Aircraft icing has long been a plague to aviation for its serious threat to flight safety.Recently, researches about a newly proposed deicing method based on Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuator(PSJA) have just started. To meet the requirements of in-flight deicing, structure of PSJA needs to be adjusted. This paper completed the detailed design and experimental validation of a novel plasma striker, which was a modified version of PSJA. Influences of mass of the moving part and rod shapes on the ice-br...     

Gamma astrometric measurement experiment (GAME) – Science case

We report here on the science case of a concept for a satellite orbiting at 1 AU from the Sun and using a baffled Fizeau interferometer to look as close as possible to its limb. This configuration, and the need for looking nearby the Sun, is required for the main scientific driver of the mission, namely the measure of the γ parameter of the Parameterized Post-Newtonian formulation to the 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁷ level at least. This would lead to an accurate test of the General Theory of Relativity against other alternative theories of gravity, and set stringent constraints on some of the most significant issues of Astrophysics like those involving exotic forms of dark matter and dark energy. Exploiting the possibilities offered by the observation strategy, it is also possible to target other interesting scientific goals. One is, again, in the realm of General Relativity and aims at measuring the light deflection nearby the Giant Planets to detect asymmetric effects induced by their quadrupoles, predicted by GR but never measured so far. Others can be found in the observation of selected extrasolar systems where, e.g., the astrometric and photometric capabilities of GAME will help to improve on the knowledge of the brown-dwarf regime and on the search for exo-planets with the transit method, respectively.     

Experimental study on film cooling performance of imperfect holes

An experimental study is made to investigate the film cooling performance of imperfect holes due to in-hole blockage over a flat plate. A specifically pyramid-shaped element is used to simulate the in-hole blockage. Six in-hole blockage orientations (such as leading-inlet, leading-middle, leading-exit, trailing-inlet, trailing-middle and trailing-exit) and four blocking ratios (ranging from 0.1 to 0.4) are taken into considerations. Based on the experimental results, the influences of in-hole blockage on the film cooling effectiveness and discharge coefficient under typical blowing ratios are analyzed. It is confirmed that the in-hole blockage results in a reduction of discharge coefficient related to the perfect film cooling holes, especially for the leading-exit and trailing-inlet orientations with a big blocking ratio. However, in the view of film cooling effectiveness, the in-hole blockage shows complicated affecting roles. In general, except for the leading-exit orientation, the in-hole blockages produce detrimental influence on the film cooling effectiveness.     

污染空气对氢燃料超声速燃烧室性能的影响

采用纯净空气和污染空气来流下对比试验的方法,研究了飞行马赫数4条件下H2O和CO2污染组分对氢燃料超声速燃烧室性能的影响。对比试验中针对纯净空气来流和污染空气来流匹配了来流总温、总压、氧气摩尔分数和当量油气比。完成了0.53和0.42两种当量油气比条件下纯净空气来流和污染空气来流的氢燃料超声速燃烧试验,预定考察的H2O污染组分摩尔浓度分别有7.5%,18%和26%三种,CO2污染组分浓度有3.0%和7.5%两种。研究结果表明,H2O,CO2或H2O+CO2组合污染对燃烧诱导压升产生了明显的非线性抑制影响,直接将污染试验空气来流下的试验结果外推应用到飞行条件,可能导致供油量偏大、甚至进气道不启动;同时也影响了隔离段内燃烧诱导激波链结构,使燃烧工作模态趋向于超燃模态。     

刷式篦齿组合密封性能试验研究

与传统篦齿密封相比,刷式密封作为一种新型密封装置,密封性能改善明显。但在高压差条件下,刷式密封的封严性能提升效果不明显。为满足航空发动机高压差高性能需求,本文设计一种刷式篦齿组合密封来提升刷式密封的综合封严性能。刷式密封和刷式篦齿组合密封泄漏特性的仿真分析及对比试验结果表明,同工况条件下,刷式篦齿组合密封相比刷式密封,其泄漏量可减小（34.7%～68.5%）,封严性能更优异。因而,刷式篦齿组合密封为航空发动机高压差密封提供新的低成本途径,且结构紧凑、泄漏量低。     

级间引气对多级轴流压气机性能和流场影响的低速实验研究

基于北航四级低速大尺寸压气机试验台,在二级静子出口进行周向槽引气,采用分别保持引气位置上游流量不变和引气位置下游流量不变两种比较方式,针对不同引气流量大小对压气机性能和内部流场的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明,级间引气会影响压气机压升特性和失速裕度,影响程度与引气量大小有关。级间引气对引气位置上游转子流场的影响表现在上游压气机工况的变化上,上游转子流场的展向分配并不受到引气的影响。引气位置下游受到引气和上游压气机工况变化的共同影响,且引气量越大,影响程度越大。此外,级间引气可以改善下游叶片叶尖区域的流动环境,增强叶尖处流通能力,提高下游压气机失速裕度。     

双脉冲固体发动机燃烧室EPDM绝热层烧蚀性能实验研究

双脉冲发动机工作时燃烧室内部热环境复杂,对内绝热层设计提出很高要求,但对双脉冲发动机燃烧室内EPDM绝热层的烧蚀性能研究较少。为此,本文提出了工作时间为15s和两次点火工作时间为7.5s+7.5s的发动机实验方案,以研究双脉冲固体发动机燃烧室内EPDM绝热层的烧蚀性能。采用SEM电镜扫描、微米CT测试分析获得了烧蚀试件的表面宏观形貌、炭化层表面和断面微观形貌以及炭化层三维构型;利用测厚仪测量结果计算了试件的烧蚀率。结果表明,在总工作时间相等的情况下,双脉冲发动机中EPDM绝热层的烧蚀率比传统发动机大;与传统发动机中单次热冲击下烧蚀后试件相比,双脉冲发动机二次热冲击下烧蚀后试件的炭化层厚度减小约50%,总体孔隙率增大约13%;烧蚀表面致密层的致密程度也有所减小。双脉冲发动机工作时,EPDM绝热层的烧蚀性能在二次热冲击下发生较大变化,需在燃烧室内绝热层的设计过程中予以重视。     

一种流量调节器的设计与试验研究

为保证输送系统流量供应的稳定性和准确度,设计了一种新型可调汽蚀文氏管并提供了设计思路,其具有设计简单、线性度好、流量调节范围广等优点。通过理论分析,对该新型可调文氏管的流量计算公式进行了推导,获得流量与行程的关系式。最终选用较小的针锥全角、较大的喉部直径、截断针锥等操作,有效地提高了可调文氏管的线性度。对该可调文氏管进行了水试试验,通过不断调整针锥行程,获取了流量与针锥行程的对应关系。试验结果表明,本文设计的可调文氏管满足10：1的流量调节比要求,同时在超大流量调节比下依旧能够保证较好的线性度,可以作为流量调节器。     

双螺杆固液混合燃料输送系统设计与实验研究

固液燃料混合推进是航天推进系统的重要环节,液体发动机燃料热熵低,为了提高火箭或导弹的续航能力,结合固体粉末燃料热熵高的特点,采取了固液混合燃烧的策略,进而提高发动机燃料的热熵,增加发动机的续航里程。本文根据齿轮啮合原理,对关键结构双螺杆齿形展开修形设计,建立了流道三维模型和仿真模型;在齿形设计的基础上,围绕固液混合均匀、变比例输送开展固液混输系统集成设计,完成整机的加工、装配、调试,搭建实验平台,建立液压测试系统,开展实验。结果表明,设计的两相流泵实现了固液两相物料的混合输送,实现了固液燃料变流量、变比例、变出口压力的均匀混合效果。该小型燃料泵能够实现出口流量30 ~ 600L/h、出口压力0 ~ 900kPa、固液混合比例0% ~ 10%的固液混输,且混输效果良好,研究结构可供设计变推力火箭发动机参考。