基于壁面压力的试验参数分析方法

为了在冲压发动机试验过程中丰富试验参数类别和提高参数分析速度,针对直连式超燃冲压发动机,原创性地提出了基于壁面压力测量结果的试验参数分析方法。该方法引入原子流量守恒方程 构建了封闭方程组,在无需任何额外测量仪器的条件下,以壁面压力、来流参数和燃烧室面积变化律为输入,求解方程组可快速获得超燃冲压发动机的马赫数、温度、速度、组份浓度、燃烧效率等参数。结合三维数值计算和地面试验,通过两个算例对该方法的可行性进行了验证。结果表明,该算法可以获得较高的精度,在燃烧室出口,速度、温度等误差均在5%以内,组份浓度分布和数值结果非常吻合。     

CFD/CSD-based flutter prediction method for experimental models in a transonic wind tunnel with porous wall

To predict the flutter dynamic pressure of a wind tunnel model before flutter test, an accurate Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics (CFD/CSD)-based flutter prediction method is proposed under the conditions of a 2.4 m × 2.4 m transonic wind tunnel with porous wall. From the CFD simulations of the flows through an inclined hole of this wind tunnel, the Nambu’s linear porous wall model between the flow rate and the differential pressure is extended to the porous wall with inclined holes, so that the porous wall can be conveniently modeled as a boundary condition. According to the flutter testing approach for the current wind tunnel, the steady CFD calculation is conducted to achieve the required inlet Mach number. A time-domain CFD/CSD method is then employed to evaluate the structural response of the experimental model, and the critical flutter point is obtained by increasing the dynamic pressure step by step at a fixed Mach number. The present method is applied to the flutter calculations for a vertical tail model and an aircraft model tested in the current transonic wind tunnel. For both models, the computed flutter characteristics agree well with the experimental results.     

A dynamic modeling approach for nonlinear vibration analysis of the L-type pipeline system with clamps

There exists a lot of research on the nonlinear vibration of the pipeline system with different boundary conditions. To the best of our knowledge, little research on the actual constraint of the clamp has been performed. In this paper, according to hysteresis loops of the clamp obtained from experimental test, the simplified bilinear stiffness and damping model is proposed. Then the Finite Element (FE) model of L-type pipeline system with clamps is established using Timoshenko beam theory in combination with aforementioned stiffness-damping model. Both hammering and shaker tests verify the FE model via the comparisons of natural frequencies and vibration responses. The results show that the maximum errors of natural frequencies and vibration responses are about 8.31% and 17.6%, respectively. The proposed model can simulate the dynamic characteristics of the L-type pipeline system with clamps well, which is helpful to provide some guidance for the early design stage of pipeline in aero-engine.     

在常规小风洞中实现大风洞中的气动力实验

就风洞尺寸要多大才比较合理以及小风洞的改造和挖潜等问题进行了讨论。认为风洞尺寸不是越大越好,而是在不同速度范围存在着一组相对适中的带某种唯一性的风洞尺寸。这种风洞尺寸,既能满足航天器研制的需要,又具有合理的经费开支。文中推荐了不同速度下一组较合适的且能满足需要的风洞尺寸,供人们参考。同时本文还认为,在一定的风洞条件下,实验数据的精准度与风洞尺寸的大小无关,只要相似模拟的条件正确,就能给出同样精准度的实验数据。就这一观点,列举了在北京空气动力研究所的FD 02小风洞中做出的几种实验。     

固体火箭发动机药柱3维应力场光弹性实验研究

应用３维光弹性原理和方法，对３种固体火箭发机的不同星槽翼柱型药的几何尺寸分别进行缩比，模型设计及机加型。然后，把这些模型分别在均匀压强作用下进行应力冻结，切片及应力分析。实验结果表明，实验结果与理论值两者吻合很好。     

m-t法气体质量流量标准装置

m t法即质量时间法。它利用称量出在测量时间内的气体质量来求出所测量的质量流量。介绍了该装置的构成和原理 ,分析了装置的不确定度 ,通过对 1 4圆喷嘴流出系数的实际测量和理论推导 ,得出了 1 4圆喷嘴流出系数的经验公式 ,此公式具有重要的实用价值。该装置的工作压力范围为 (0 .1～ 1.5)MPa ,测量流量范围为 (1～ 10 0 )g s,相对扩展不确定度达1.4× 10 -4 ,远优于国内外气体质量流量标准装置 ,达到了国际先进水平。     

流体力学综合实验台的开发与应用

以创新型、综合型实验设计为目标,通过对流体力学综合实验台功能的设计与开发,突出其综合应用性和对实践教学效果的促进作用;对实验数据进行分析,说明实验台设计的合理性。     

Selection of candidate salad vegetables for controlled ecological life support system

Higher plants, as one of the essential biological components of CELSS, can supply food, oxygen and water for human crews during future long-duration space missions and Lunar/Mars habitats. In order to select suitable leaf vegetable varieties for our CELSS Experimental Facility (CEF), five varieties of lettuce (“Nenlvnaiyou”, “Dasusheng”, “Naichoutai”, “Dongfangkaixuan” and “Siji”), two of spinach (“Daye” and “Quanneng”), one of rape (“Jingyou No. 1”) and one of common sowthistle were grown and compared on the basis of edible biomass, and nutrient content. In addition, two series of experiments were conducted to study single leaf photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates at 30 days after planting, one which used various concentrations of CO₂ (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μmol mol⁻¹) and another which used various light intensities (100, 300, 500 and 700 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Results showed that lettuce cvs. “Nenlvnaiyou”, “Siji” and “Dasusheng” produced higher yields of edible biomass; common sowthisle would be a good source of β-carotene for the diet. Based on the collective findings, we selected three varieties of lettuce (“Nenlvnaiyou”, “Dasusheng” and “Siji”) and one of common sowthistle as the candidate crops for further research in our CEF. In addition, elevated CO₂ concentration increased the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, and elevated light intensity increased the rate of photosynthesis for these varieties. These results can be useful for determining optimal conditions for controlling CO₂ and water fluxes between the crops and the overall CELSS.     

火星无人机实验台发展综述及构想

火星地表崎岖、环境复杂,火星无人机由于其具有高机动性和灵活性,为火星探测提供了一种新的工作模式,是未来深空探测的重要范式。本文对比了火星与地球相关地表环境参数的差异,分析了火星无人机需要克服的困难和主要用途,阐明了火星无人机实验台的重要性;详细介绍了国内外研究机构研发火星无人机实验台的技术特点与功能优劣,总结了实验台需要具备的模拟火星环境和测量相关参数。在此基础上,提出了构建火星无人机实验台设想,给出了总体设计思想和思路,并对火星无人机气动力学实验平台的应用前景进行了展望。