PBO和芳纶纤维单丝拉伸性能影响因素分析

使用等速拉伸试验仪测试了进口和国产聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维、芳纶纤维的单丝力学性能,探究了不同制样条件、测试条件对有机纤维单丝拉伸性能的影响,影响因素包括拉伸速率、试样标距、纤维含湿率以及热老化温度。结果表明:试样标距由5 mm增至60 mm,4种纤维的Weibull统计强度均逐渐减小;随着拉伸速率由5 mm/min增至200 mm/min,4种纤维的Weibull强度均表现出先增大后减小的变化规律;随着吸湿率增加,进口PBO和芳纶纤维强度逐渐下降;随着老化温度升高,纤维的单丝拉伸强度下降,进口PBO和芳纶纤维在300℃热处理40 h后强度分别下降39.1%和51.6%。     

激光熔覆制备TC4基复合药型罩材料的力学性能

为了提高TC4药型罩的侵彻性能,将激光熔覆制备工艺用于TC4复合药型罩材料的制备。选用TA15+30%(质量分数,下同)TiC粉、TA15+20%Cr_3C_2粉和TA15+15%B_4C粉作为TC4基体的熔覆材料。采用XRD、扫描电镜和显微硬度测试、准静态压缩实验、SHPB动态压缩实验以及3点弯曲实验方法,研究熔覆层与基体界面处微观形貌、熔覆层硬度变化情况以及3种复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:TC4基体与3种材料都能形成完全冶金结合,TC4-(TA15+TiC),TC4-(TA15+Cr_3C_2)和TC4-(TA15+B_4C)材料的强度均高于TC4基体材料,塑性略差;TC4-(TA15+TiC),TC4-(TA15+Cr_3C_2)材料的抗弯强度分别为168 MPa,101 MPa,均高于TC4基体材料的45 MPa。     

A method of determining effective elastic properties of honeycomb cores based on equal strain energy

A computational homogenization technique (CHT) based on the finite element method (FEM) is discussed to predict the effective elastic properties of honeycomb structures. The need of periodic boundary conditions (BCs) is revealed through the analysis for in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli of models with different cell numbers. After applying periodic BCs on the represen-tative volume element (RVE), comparison between the volume-average stress method and the boundary stress method is performed, and a new method based on the equality of strain energy to obtain all non-zero components of the stiffness tensor is proposed. Results of finite element (FE) analysis show that the volume-average stress and the boundary stress keep a consistency over different cell geometries and forms. The strain energy method obtains values that differ from those of the volume-average method for non-diagonal terms in the stiffness matrix. Analysis has been done on numerical results for thin-wall honeycombs and different geometries of angles between oblique and vertical walls. The inaccuracy of the volume-average method in terms of the strain energy is shown by numerical benchmarks.     

纤维增强复合材料力学性能预测及试验验证

针对纤维均匀排布的单向纤维增强复合材料结构力学性能预测问题,基于复合材料细观力学有限元方法,研究建立了代表体积元(RVE)模型,并施加周期性边界条件,实现了纤维增强复合材料基本力学性能的预测。通过将应用上述RVE模型所获取的B/Al纤维增强复合材料力学性能预测结果与解析解和试验数据进行对比表明,施加周期性边界条件的RVE模型的力学性能预测结果与解析解和试验数据吻合良好,验证了所建立计算模型的有效性。基于单向连续纤维增强SiC/TC4复合材料板材的力学性能测试试验,获取了不同铺层方案结构的纵向/横向弹性模量和泊松比,得到的纵向/横向弹性模量计算值与各自试验值均值的误差均小于5%,表明弹性力学性能参数基本一致,计算模型具有合理性。      

基于曲面包络逼近原理的点啮合齿面整体设计方法

基于曲面活动标架理论,提出了点啮合齿面整体设计的曲面包络逼近方法:以第一齿面包络特征线为样条曲线,以第二齿面沿接触点迹线的齿面局部结构作为曲面插值条件,通过第一齿面运动不变量描述的运动变换,构造完全由第一齿面的运动不变量描述的第一齿面共轭运动空间作为第二齿面整体优化设计空间,确保齿面设计方法的可全局优化性和可加工性。根据点啮合齿面加载接触实验数据,以空载啮合时两齿面间隙作为预测和控制重载情况下的接触区形状和大小的设计目标参数,建立点啮合齿面整体优化设计的变分不等式模型。与以往点啮合齿面设计和齿面接触分析(TCA)方法相比,该齿面设计方法摆脱了以往齿面接触分析(TCA)中以特定机床加工参数作为齿面重构参数而给齿面优化设计带来的不必要的限制,能在满足预定的加载的啮合特性要求的同时,确保齿面能用盘铣刀通过多轴联动数控加工方法以展成法加工。仿真实例计算和分析表明:本齿面设计方法能形成完整的弧齿锥齿轮齿面,该齿面在满载啮合时,重合度达到2.122,传动误差幅值降低至0.063°,具有优良的加载啮合特性。      

GH4169DA磨削表面变质层软化机理

为了深入研究高温合金GH4169DA磨削表面变质层软化机理,分别采用光学显微镜、显微维氏硬度计和透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析了其微观组织、显微硬度和γ"相密度。试验结果表明：GH4169DA磨削表面及亚表面发生了明显软化和局部塑性变形。在试验参数范围内,软化深度约为30~100 μm,而变形层的深度只有约4 μm。从基体到磨削表面,γ"相密度由约2.27×10³个/μm²逐渐降低,至距磨削表面约2.2 μm以内γ"相完全消失。该变化规律与显微硬度变化规律一致,最大影响深度也基本相同。分析指出,GH4169DA磨削表面软化的根本原因是在磨削过程中热的作用下,主要强化相γ"密度降低,强化效果减弱。     

Static Pull and Push Bending Properties of RTM-made TWF Composite Tee-joints

This paper deals with static pull and push bending tests on two-dimensional (2D) orthogonal EW220/5284 twill weave fabric (TWF) composite tee-joints processed with the resin transfer moulding (RTM) technique. Static pull and push bending properties are determined and failure initiation mechanism is deduced from experimental observations. The experiments show that the failure initiation load, on average, is greater for push bending than for pull bending, whereas the scatter is smaller for push bending than for pull bending. The failure mode of RTM-made tee-joints in pull bending tests can be reckoned to be characteristic of debonding of resin matrix at the interface between the triangular resin-rich zone and the curved web of tee-joint until complete separation of the curved web from the bottom plate. In contrast, as distinct from the products subject to pull bending loading, the RTM tee-joints in push bending tests experience matrix cracking and fibre fracture from outer layers to inner layers of the bottom plate until catastrophic collapse resulting from the bending. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models are presented to simulate the load transfer path and failure initiation mechanism of RTM-made TWF composite tee-joint based on the maximum stress criterion. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.     

Influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 Co-doping on Phase Stability,Thermo-physical Properties and Sintering of 8YSZ

The role of multicomponent rare earth oxides in phase stability, thermophysical properties and sintering for ZrO2-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) materials is investigated. 8YSZ codoped with 3 mol% Gd2O3 and 3 mol% Yb2O3 (GYb-YSZ) powders are synthesized by solid state reaction for 24 h at various temperatures. As temperature increases, stabilizers are dissolved into zirconia matrix gradually. Synthesized at 1 500 °C, GYb-YSZ is basically composed of cubic phase. GYb-YSZ exhibits excellent phase stability and sinters lower than 8YSZ by nearly three times. The thermal conductivity of GYb-YSZ is much lower than that of 8YSZ, and the thermal expansion coefficient of GYb-YSZ is comparable to that of 8YSZ. The influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doping on phase stability, thermal conductivity and sintering of 8YSZ is discussed.     

NEPE推进剂药浆固化初期特殊流变性能研究

为了探究NEPE推进剂药浆固化初期高黏度、高模量的流变特性成因,采用流变试验方法、红外光谱分析手段,研究了HMX,AP,NPBA与硝酸酯黏合剂的混合体系流变性能,以及NPBA与HMX的作用力。结果表明,NPBA与HMX的相互作用是NEPE推进剂药浆流变特性的主要成因;NPBA的—OH与HMX的—NO₂易形成氢键;通过调节固化催化剂或提高固化温度等方法,可以缩短或消除NEPE推进剂固化反应初期高模量现象。      

基于DFR法的螺栓连接件疲劳性能研究

针对螺栓连接件在服役过程中易产生疲劳损伤的问题,采用有限元模拟、理论分析和试验测试相结合的方法探究试验件厚度以及螺栓连接间隙对构件疲劳性能的影响规律。有限元模拟结果表明,由于构件几何形状的不连续性以及螺栓连接间隙的存在使得连接件中的铝合金板孔边产生较为明显的应力集中现象,在循环载荷作用下易在该处萌生疲劳裂纹导致构件的损伤失效,而施加螺栓预紧力可以通过摩擦传载改善孔边的受力情况。在静力分析的基础上,采用有传载紧固件双剪接头结构细节疲劳额定值（DFR）理论计算方法估算不同类型试验件的DFR值。理论估算结果与通过双点法确定的试验件DFR值基本吻合,相对差异在10%以内,可以验证该理论方法有较好的工程适用性。分析结果表明,试验件的连接间隙会影响螺栓的受载情况,在拉伸过程中先发生接触的螺栓处有较大的应力集中,最终导致连接件的疲劳失效;当试验件的厚度增加,铝合金板所承受的附加弯矩增大,会影响孔边的应力分布,在一定程度上降低试验件的疲劳性能。试验件厚度和连接间隙对试验件疲劳性能的影响可通过应力集中系数来综合体现,试验件DFR值近似随应力集中系数呈线性降低。本工作的研究成果可为螺栓连接件疲劳性能研究提供参考。