基于FW-H方程的旋翼气动声学计算研究

由流体力学N S方程导出的非齐次波动方程———FfowcsWilliams Hawkings方程(简称FW H方程),可以精确地描述在静止流体中运动的物体与流体相互作用的发声问题。以FW H方程为理论模型,将旋翼桨叶运动发声问题等效为包含桨叶的任意运动控制面(声源面)的声辐射问题,并在旋翼绕流Euler方程数值模拟的基础上,在时域内计算了悬停旋翼和前飞旋翼的声场。应用于UH 1H和AH 1/OLS两种旋翼模型的气动声学计算表明:计算结果与噪声实验值符合良好;所研制的程序不仅能够较准确地计算单极子噪声和偶极子噪声,而且具有较强的跨音速四极子噪声预测能力。     

Deep Impact: Working Properties for the Target Nucleus – Comet 9P/Tempel 1

In 1998, Comet 9P/Tempel 1 was chosen as the target of the Deep Impact mission (A’Hearn, M. F., Belton, M. J. S., and Delamere, A., Space Sci. Rev., 2005) even though very little was known about its physical properties. Efforts were immediately begun to improve this situation by the Deep Impact Science Team leading to the founding of a worldwide observing campaign (Meech et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2005a). This campaign has already produced a great deal of information on the global properties of the comet’s nucleus (summarized in Table I) that is vital to the planning and the assessment of the chances of success at the impact and encounter. Since the mission was begun the successful encounters of the Deep Space 1 spacecraft at Comet 19P/Borrelly and the Stardust spacecraft at Comet 81P/Wild 2 have occurred yielding new information on the state of the nuclei of these two comets. This information, together with earlier results on the nucleus of comet 1P/Halley from the European Space Agency’s Giotto, the Soviet Vega mission, and various ground-based observational and theoretical studies, is used as a basis for conjectures on the morphological, geological, mechanical, and compositional properties of the surface and subsurface that Deep Impact may find at 9P/Tempel 1. We adopt the following working values (circa December 2004) for the nucleus parameters of prime importance to Deep Impact as follows: mean effective radius = 3.25± 0.2 km, shape – irregular triaxial ellipsoid with a/b = 3.2± 0.4 and overall dimensions of ∼14.4 × 4.4 × 4.4 km, principal axis rotation with period = 41.85± 0.1 hr, pole directions (RA, Dec, J2000) = 46± 10, 73± 10 deg (Pole 1) or 287± 14, 16.5± 10 deg (Pole 2) (the two poles are photometrically, but not geometrically, equivalent), Kron-Cousins (V-R) color = 0.56± 0.02, V-band geometric albedo = 0.04± 0.01, R-band geometric albedo = 0.05± 0.01, R-band H(1,1,0) = 14.441± 0.067, and mass ∼7×10¹³ kg assuming a bulk density of 500 kg m⁻³. As these are working values, {i.e.}, based on preliminary analyses, it is expected that adjustments to their values may be made before encounter as improved estimates become available through further analysis of the large database being made available by the Deep Impact observing campaign. Given the parameters listed above the impact will occur in an environment where the local gravity is estimated at 0.027–0.04 cm s⁻² and the escape velocity between 1.4 and 2 m s⁻¹. For both of the rotation poles found here, the Deep Impact spacecraft on approach to encounter will find the rotation axis close to the plane of the sky (aspect angles 82.2 and 69.7 deg. for pole 1 and 2, respectively). However, until the rotation period estimate is substantially improved, it will remain uncertain whether the impactor will collide with the broadside or the ends of the nucleus.     

跨声速粘性流绕振荡翼型的非定常计算

本文采用时间和穴是二阶精度的Ｂｅａｍ－Ｗａｒｍｉｎｇ格式和Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ代数湍流模式及ｑ－ω二方程微分模式，结合网格自适应技术，数值模拟Ｎ－Ｓ方程，计算了跨声速下的翼型非定常运动，包括俯仰，浮沉和前后平移振荡。结果表明，压力分布和气动系数与实验基本符合，微分模式和自适应网格能够显著提高激波和边界层计算精度。     

自适应直角切割网格民机增升装置绕流数值模拟

提出并介绍了基于直角切割网格的分区面搭接技术,采用变长宽比网格方法,成功地进行了存在外形间断(剪刀叉)的民机增升装置的网格生成和绕流Euler方程数值模拟.根据外形的特点,运用"根"网格分区算法,降低了整个网格的生成难度;通过基于外形的自适应网格加密技术,详细地描述了外形上的大量缝道和凹槽,提高了网格质量;在分区交界面上,利用重叠面积切割和面搭接算法实现了两侧网格间的流场信息传递,并保证了通量守恒;采用中心有限体积方法,结合双时间推进算法,完成流场的Euler方程数值模拟,计算结果与实验数据吻合良好,说明所述方法的正确性.     

芳纶纤维／环氧复合材料界面超声连续改性处理

运用超声技术在芳纶/环氧复合材料制备过程中对其界面进行改性处理,分析了超声处理过程中纤维与树脂之间浸润性的变化趋势以及超声作用对复合材料界面性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:超声是通过改善纤维与树脂之间的浸润性,提高复合材料的界面性能及力学性能。     

基于BP人工神经网络的GPS／SINS组合导航算法

基于扩展Kalman滤波的GPS／SINS组合导航算法，需要对原始的非线性连续系统模型进行线性化和离散化处理，要求系统噪声和测量噪声为零均值的高斯白噪声，且易于出现滤波器发散。BP人工神经网络毋需对所求解的问题建模，能够很好地逼近系统非线性特性，获得较高精度的导航定位信息；还具有计算过程稳定，不涉及矩阵求逆，不需要迭代逼近，以及容易实现并行处理等优点。本文设计适用于GPS／SINS组合导航系统的BP网络模型，并在标准的BP算法基础上，采用共轭梯度法改进网络训练速度及精度。最后，通过仿真算例说明BP网络方法用于GPS／SINS组合导航计算的可行性。     

三维Euler方程的自适应非结构网络计算

介绍一种三维自适应非结构网格的Euler方程求解技术。采用有限体积中心差分的格点格式对Euler方程进行空间离散,多步龙格-库塔时间推进,并采用当地时间步长、焓阻尼修正等加速收敛。采用Delaunay三角剖分技术生成三维流场的四面体网格。网格自适应技术中的网格局部加密也采用Delaunay三角剖分技术。最后用ONERAM6机翼的跨音速绕流计算说明本文方法的有效性。     

欧拉方程多重网格方法及三维跨声速大迎角流动数值计算

本文给出一种粗、细网格时间步长可调整匹配至最优组合的多重网格方法以获得在最细网格上最大的加速收敛效益，二重网格中节省机时可达３５％。文中的数值方法可用于飞行器跨声速大迎角无粘有旋的涡干扰流场的模拟研究。     

粘流与无粘流的相互作用计算

本文总结了粘流/无粘流的各种计算方法和结果。重点在于介绍定常流动中的弱相互作用。首先叙述了弱相互作用的数学模型。给出了不可压流动和跨音速流动中粘流/无粘流相互作用的某些正耦合的计算结果。讨论了在分离区附近边界层正方法失效的原因。然后介绍了边界层反方法和适用于带分离的流动中半反方法耦合的粘流/无粘流的相互作用方法。文中也简单地总结了三维情况的应用和强相互作用。     

计算非对称突然膨胀槽道流动的加速多重扫描耦合推进方法

本文提出加速多重扫描耦合推进方法,并用于非对称突然膨胀槽道流动计算。数值结果与实验数据吻合得很好,从而表明这个方法是有效的,精确的。依据对数值结果的分析,作者给出能够描写存在大范围分离的不可压缩简化Navier-Stokes方程组的最优形式,并且对这组方程的椭圆型数学性质作了进一步的分析。作者还对扫描过程的收敛性,推进过程的稳定性进行了理论分析,此外还讨论了不同精确度的差分格式对解的影响。