运载火箭振型斜率测量系统研制

结构动力学分析是运载火箭研制必不可少的环节,动力学分析的基础是建立一个准确的数学分析模型,这个数学模型需要通过一些试验测量获取的动特性参数来充分验证。运载火箭的振型斜率是运载火箭稳定控制系统设计的重要参数,该参数受舱段结构局部变形影响较大,无法通过数学仿真计算得到。因此,新型运载火箭必须进行全箭模态试验以获取振型斜率参数。通过全箭模态试验,完成了通过速率陀螺+加速度计直接测量的方式获取箭体结构振型斜率值。同时,根据不同频率下的模态试验,给出了速率陀螺标度因数在不同频率下的修正因子。试验结果表明,本测量方法有效提高了振型斜率的测量精度。     

带侵蚀效应的三维双燃速装药固体火箭发动机点火过程

针对三维双燃速装药固体火箭发动机,采用商用CFD计算软件的用户自定义方程对点火瞬态过程中的侵蚀燃速、燃面温度、质量源项、动量源项、能量源项及点火器入口等进行了二次开发,并进行了考虑侵蚀效应的点火瞬态过程流场仿真计算,与地面点火试验内弹道数据进行了对比分析。结果表明:点火初期发动机头部的气流流动十分复杂,且头部压强随时间变化十分剧烈;堵盖打开会造成头部升压梯度振荡,并产生负升压梯度;仿真与试验结果符合较好,说明采用一维非定常固相传热方程计算三维燃面温度可以满足当前工程要求,计算方法正确有效。      

超声速压气机转子叶片吸力面抽气抑制附面层分离的机理

针对压气机叶片在高负荷及非设计工况下经常出现的附面层分离状况, 采用数值方法研究了叶片吸力面不同位置、不同吸气量时附面层抽吸对压气机转子气动性能的影响.数值结果表明:抽吸位置对抽吸效果有重要的影响, 通过在分离区下游一定位置处抽吸, 能够很好的抑制附面层分离, 改善气流在大分离点处的剧烈变化, 减少流动损失, 使得级效率和压比均有显著的提高;而在分离区上游或者分离区下游的较远处开缝抽吸, 则效果不理想.吸气量对抽吸效果也有一定影响, 存在一个最佳吸气量, 吸气量过大或者过小都会对结果产生不利影响.      

出流比对扰流柱通道弦向出流量影响实验

 为了深入了解涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱区域的流动情况,对叶片内流通道工程计算程序进行验证,针对不同的弦向出流比(弦向出流量与总流量之比),通过实验测量了梯形通道短扰流柱排的端壁静压分布,以及各段弦向出流量沿叶片径向的分布。实验结果表明：（1）当弦向出流比较大时（c≥0.5 ）,沿径向静压变化小,扰流柱区域的流动基本为弦向流动。当出流比较小时(c<0.5)时,沿径向静压变化明显,压力先下降而后回升。扰流柱区域的流动既有弦向流动,同时又有径向流动。（2）大出流比时（c≥0.5 ）各段出流量变化幅度相对较小,而小出流比时(c<0.5)各段出流量变化幅度较大。（3）总压损失系数随着出流比、雷诺数的增加而减小。实验结果对涡轮叶片内部冷却计算具有重要的参考价值。     

一种SAR原始数据压缩新算法

 由于合成孔径雷达（SAR）原始数据的相关性很低,直接压缩原始数据是比较困难的。因此提出一种新算法,先对SAR原始数据做距离聚焦处理,使其在方位向具有较强的相关性,再沿方位向做线性预测,并对预测差值系列做块自适应量化。实验表明,在相同比特率条件下,该算法得到的数据域信噪比和图像域信噪比均比块自适应量化(BAQ)算法高,计算量远小于有关文献给出的距离聚焦后的压缩方法,具有一定实用价值。     

Dynamic Response Analysis of Bird Strike on Aircraft Windshield Based on Damage-modified Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Relation

Damage-modified nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation and failure criterion are introduced and the three-dimensional incremental forms are deduced based on the updated Lagrangian approach. A simple tensile test model and a split Hopkinson pressure bar model are built to verify the accuracy of the subroutine implemented within the non-linear finite element program LS-DYNA. A numerical model of bird strike on windshield is established to study the responses of windshield under three different bird velocities at three sites. The bird is represented by a cylinder with a hemisphere at each end and the contact-impact coupling algorithm is used in this study. It is found that the implemented subroutine can properly describe the mechanical behavior of polymethyl methacrylate under low and high strain rates and large deformation, and can be used validly.     

Longitudinal distribution of thermospheric densities and ionization rates in the upper atmosphere of Mars at mid-latitude using MGS ACC data

The Accelerometer Experiment (ACC) onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) measured 1600 density profiles in the upper atmosphere of Mars during aerobraking. These measurements reveal large-scale and small-scale structure in the thermosphere of Mars. Here, the measurements of mass density for 115 orbits (#P0670–P0789) from November 1 to 30, 1998, under spring equinox and medium solar activity conditions (average F_10.7 ∼ 137) during phase 2 of the aerobraking in the thermosphere of Mars at different altitudes and longitudes are presented for northern mid-latitude (17–42°N) in the dayside atmosphere using ACC onboard MGS. From these mass densities, the neutral densities of different gases are derived from their mixing ratios. Using these neutral densities, the longitudinal distribution of photoionization rates and photoelectron impact ionization rates are calculated at wavelength range 1–102.57 nm due to EUV and soft X-ray radiation under photochemical controlled region using Analytical Yield Spectrum approach (AYS). These conditions are appropriate for MGS Phase 2 aerobraking period from which the accelerometer data is used. Under the photochemical equilibrium condition, the electron density near the peak varies as the square root of the total peak ionization rate. Using this fact, an attempt is being made to estimate the mean primary and secondary peak electron density by averaging the longitudinal variations of total peak ionization rates in the northern mid-latitude (17–42°N) ionosphere of Mars, as there is no radio science measurement at this latitude region by MGS.     

Efficient computation of energy release rates for delaminated beam structures

The often encountered problem of mode partitioning for delaminated, isotropic beam structures is addressed. For the sake of efficiency, solutions that do not require complex continuum solutions – in practise mostly obtained by the finite element method – are examined. Three approaches that meet the postulated efficiency are reviewed and compared. While one method fits consistently into the concept of linear-elastic fracture mechanics, the remaining two deduce mode partitioning hypotheses solely from kinematic quantities of beam theory. The results obtained through these hypotheses are then compared to continuum-based solutions. The latter are generated by the finite element method and are validated by analytical solutions as applicable. Furthermore, mode partitioning solutions for beams, loaded in transverse shear, are given with excellent accuracy. Finally, the conditions for which the different methods comply with or substantially deviate from each other are discussed.     

利率模型的动态估计

利率模型主要用来描述利率的动态行为，迄今为止大多数利率模型都是在CKLS框架之下进行的实证研究。这一模型主要表现为两点不足：一是模型漂移假定为利率水平的线性形式，二是短期利率的波动性假定为利率水平的函数，这两个假定都与实际不符，直接在这一框架下描述我国利率的变动显然是不合适的。文章尝试提出一个新的利率模型，这一模型既考虑了利率变动的非线性特征，又考虑了波动率，结果表明该模型能够较好地描述我国利率变动特征，对我国市场利率的动态行为具有较好的解释力。     

一种新型燃速催化剂的作用效果研究

合成了一种新型二茂铁化合物—1,1—双(三甲基硅氧乙基)二茂铁,并研究了这种化合物对AP/HTPB复合推进剂燃烧性能、力学性能以及工艺性能的影响。实验结果表明,这种化合物具有改善推进剂燃烧性能和力学性能的双重作用。