Accurate estimation of relative atmospheric density error on the example of uncertain geomagnetic activity information

Errors in neutral atmospheric density are the dominant contributor to unrealistic orbital state-vector covariances in low Earth orbits (LEO). Density uncertainty is caused by model-uncertainty at spatial scales below and within the model resolution, as well as input-uncertainty of the environmental parameters supplied to the semi-empirical atmospheric model.The paper at hand provides multiple contributions. First, analytic equations are derived to estimate the relative density error due to an input parameter uncertainty in any of the environmental parameters supplied to the model. Second, it is shown on the example of uncertain geomagnetic activity information, how to compute the required inputs to facilitate the accurate estimation of the relative density error.A clamped cubic splining approach for the conversion from geomagnetic amplitude (ap) to the kp index is postulated to perform this uncertainty propagation, as other algorithms were found unsuitable for this task. Results of numerical simulations with three popular semi-empirical models are provided to validate the set of derived equations. It is found that geomagnetic input uncertainty is especially important to consider in case of low global geomagnetic activity. The findings seamlessly integrate with prior work by the authors to perform density-uncertainty considering orbit estimation.     

Evaluation of GPM sampling error over major basins in Indian subcontinent using bootstrap technique

The study investigates the evaluation and comparison of sampling error for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission orbital data products by implementing a bootstrap technique over the two major basins in the Indian subcontinent i.e the Ganga and the Mahanadi basin. The relative sampling error evaluated over both the Ganges and Mahanadi basins showed commendable results thus giving the confidence to adopt the bootstrap technique to evaluate the sampling error. The region over India with large seasonal rainfall seems to have less sampling uncertainty and vice versa with some regions showing exceptions which might be due to the difference in precipitation variability and space-time correlation length. The scale dependence was verified for four grid sizes along with seasonal time scale. Results indicate that the relative sampling error estimates are inversely proportional to the scale of the grid size. The comparative study of evaluation of sampling uncertainty to different precipitation types resulted to have maximum sampling error in GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) in comparison to Dual Precipitation Radar (DPR) convective and DPR total precipitation. Thus, the comparable results of sampling uncertainty between the major basins in the Indian sub-continent provides the user a decision making criteria before utilizing the GPM orbital products in any applications.     

Bipartite graph-based control flow checking for COTS-based small satellites

Single event upset(SEU)effect,caused by highly energized particles in aerospace,threatens the reliability and security of small satellites composed of commercial-off-the-shelves(COTS).SEUinduced control flow errors(CFEs)may cause unpredictable behavior or crashes of COTS-based small satellites.This paper proposes a generic software-based control flow checking technique(CFC)and bipartite graph-based control flow checking(BGCFC).To simplify the types of illegal branches,it transforms the conventional control flow graph into the equivalent bipartite graph.It checks the legality of control flow at runtime by comparing a global signature with the expected value and introduces consecutive IDs and bitmaps to reduce the time and memory overhead.Theoretical analysis shows that BGCFC can detect all types of inter-node CFEs with constant time and memory overhead.Practical tests verify the result of theoretical analysis.Compared with previous techniques,BGCFC achieves the highest error detection rate,lower time and memory overhead;the composite result in evaluation factor shows that BGCFC is the most effective one among all these techniques.The results in both theory and practice verify the applicability of BGCFC for COTS-based small satellites.     

原点误差对发射方位角及弹道精度的影响分析

发射原点是飞行器试验中非常重要的参数,在某些特殊试验中,发射原点往往是不能准确给出的,为此,本文详细推导了发射原点误差对发射方位角和弹道精度的影响公式。仿真计算结果证明,原点误差对发射方位角影响较大,而原点误差和发射方位角误差的共同作用对发射系下的弹道精度影响很大,对于此类高精度的飞行器试验必须考虑原点误差对弹道精度的影响。     

A follow-up of in-orbit observations of radiation-induced effects in commercial of the shelf memories on-board Alsat-1

This paper presents a follow-up of the results of an 8-year study on radiation effects in commercial off the shelf (COTS) memory devices operating within the on-board data handling system of the Algerian micro-satellite Alsat-1 in a Low-Earth Orbit (LEO). A statistical analysis of single-event upset (SEU) and multiple-bit upset (MBU) activity in commercial memories on-board the Alsat-1 primary On-Board Computer (OBC-386) is given. The OBC-386 is an Intel 80C386EX based system that plays a dual role for Alsat-1, acting as the key component of the payload computer as well as the command and control computer for the micro-satellite. The in-orbit observations show that the typical SEU rate at Alsat-1’s orbit is 4.04 × 10⁻⁷ SEU/bit/day, where 98.6% of these SEUs cause single-bit errors, 1.22% cause double-byte errors, and the remaining SEUs result in multiple-bit and severe errors.     

远距离测试发控系统中数字光纤通信系统的接口设计及实现

远距离分布式计算机网络测试发控系统是当今国际宇航事业发展的方向。数据通信系统能否畅通、准确、实时、可靠是实现远距离测试发控的关键。本文列举了光纤通信的优点，分析了通信中常用纠错编码的优劣，提出一种既符合测试发控系统的特点又适合光纤通信要求的新的纠错编码方案，并设计出以该纠错编码为核心的数字光纤通信接口，满足了一个特定的远距离测试发控系统对数字通信的要求。     

飞航导弹飞行中影响因素分析

为了预先准确地确定飞航导弹的实际飞行轨迹，保证战术指标的实现，从自然环境，弹上设备，特征参数三方面入手，分析了干扰源对导弹飞行性能的影响，得出了有益的结论。     

以相对偏差平方和为指标函数的最小二乘法

就测量中最小二乘法用于静态模型估计的问题,分析了传统最小二乘法在某些实验条件下应用的不合理现象,提出以相对偏差平方和为指标函数的最小二乘法。简记LSR法。给出了该方法的实用公式,分析了数学特征并证明在所给实验条件下具有无偏性、一致性,有效性.给出了用该方法拟合电位差计静态特性方程的例子。证明该方法在测量工作中是有实际意义的。     

交直流转换电路的电路参数误差分析

为了达到更好的交直流转换效果,针对整流输出准确度影响较大的三种元器件(运算放大器、电阻以及二极管),分别进行电路误差分析,将输出结果与理想状态下全波精密整流电路的输出进行比较,总结精密整流电路减小误差的方法,为全波整流电路设计中提高交直流转换准确度提供参考.经电路测试验证,对电压有效值(0.4～4)V,频率(1～50)...     

A novel system parameters design and performance analysis method for Distributed Satellite-borne SAR system

As a promising new technology emerged in recent years, the Distributed Satellite-borne SAR (DSS) system with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imaging capability has been recognized by the remote sensing community as an integrated part of the spaceborne earth observation system. However, most researches on DSS were focused on individual aspects of system design/analysis and data processing, while few studies have been dedicated to establishing a standard methodological framework for universal DSS system design. Aiming at this problem, the topics of DSS system error analysis and design method are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a rigorous error propagation model of height measurement is theoretically derived from the DSS InSAR imaging geometry, and the impact of each error sources in this model on the height measurement accuracy is analyzed individually. In particular, the baseline length and its measurement error in the InSAR imaging plane are identified as the dominant factors. Second, a new method for DSS system design is proposed based on our analyses with the error propagation model. This method consists of two important phases, namely collaboration design and monostatic design. The major objective of collaboration design is to determine the configuration and parameters for the coordination between satellites in the DSS system. Afterwards, the key parameters for single satellite and the payload are determined by the monostatic design. Thirdly, a system performance analysis method is developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the pre-designed DSS system. In the next section, a typical example of DSS system design is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and analysis methods. The target DSS system has the same goal and hardware configuration as the TanDEM-X mission. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with our major findings are presented.