Residual stress indentation model based on material equivalence

A novel residual stress indentation model for conical indentation loading is proposed to describe the relationship between the residual stress, material constitutive parameters, load, and displacement for materials with a uniaxial constitutive relationship that obeys Hollomon’s power law (H-law). The novel model was established based on the principle that the equivalent material without residual stress corresponds to the original material with residual stress, conical indentation theoretical model based on energy density equivalence, and an assumed power-law relationship between the dimensionless residual stress and relative difference of the yield stresses of the equivalent material and original material. Sixty imaginary H-law materials with ten equibiaxial and ten uniaxial residual stresses were investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The residual stresses predicted by the novel model from the indentation load–displacement curves simulated for the imaginary materials are in close agreement with those applied by the FEA. Finally, indentation tests for Cr12MoV steel, 45 steel, and 6061-T6511 aluminum alloy were carried out on their specimens without residual stress and their bending specimens with equibiaxial and uniaxial residual stresses. The residual stresses predicted by the novel model according to the indentation load–displacement test curves are in good agreement with those applied by the tests.     

Novel moderate transformation of fuzzy membership function into basic belief assignment

In information fusion, the uncertain information from different sources might be modeled with different theoretical frameworks. When one needs to fuse the uncertain information represented by different uncertainty theories, constructing the transformation between different frameworks is crucial. Various transformations of a Fuzzy Membership Function (FMF) into a Basic Belief Assignment (BBA) have been proposed, where the transformations based on uncertainty maximization and minimization can determine the BBA without preselecting the focal elements. However, these two transformations that based on uncertainty optimization emphasize the extreme cases of uncertainty. To avoid extreme attitudinal bias, a trade-off or moderate BBA with the uncertainty degree between the minimal and maximal ones is more preferred. In this paper, two moderate transformations of an FMF into a trade-off BBA are proposed. One is the weighted average based transformation and the other is the optimization-based transformation with weighting mechanism, where the weighting factor can be user-specified or determined with some prior information. The rationality and effectiveness of our transformations are verified through numerical examples and classification examples.     

Analysis of crack initiation location and its influencing factors of fretting fatigue in aluminum alloy components

To promote the development of fretting fatigue assessment and control technology for aircraft components, this paper uses the Crystal Plasticity Finite Element(CPFE) method and sub-modeling technology to study the Crack Initiation Location(CIL) of fretting fatigue in Aluminum Alloy(AA) specimens. The effects of external excitations such as normal load, tangential load, and axial stress on the CIL are investigated. It is found that the Most Likely Cracked(MLC) site revealed in a specimen and the ...     

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of mechanical behavior of plain woven CFRP composites subjected to three-point bending

The mechanical behavior of plain woven Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites under Three-Point Bending (TPB) is investigated via experimental and numerical approaches. Multiscale models, including microscale, mesoscale and macroscale models, have been developed to characterize the TPB strength and damages. Thereinto, Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) of the microscale and mesoscale structures are established to determine the effective properties of carbon-fiber yarn and CFRP composites, respectively. Aimed at accurately and efficiently predicting the TPB behavior, an Equivalent Cross-Ply Laminate (ECPL) cell is proposed to simplify the inherent woven architecture, and the effective properties of the subcell are computed using a local homogenization approach. The macroscale model of the TPB specimen is constructed by a topology structure of ECPL cells to predict the mechanical behavior. The TPB experiments have been performed to validate the multiscale models. Both the experimental and numerical results reveal that delamination mainly appears in the top and bottom interfaces of the CFRP laminates. And matrix cracking and delamination are identified as the significant damage modes during the TPB process. Finally, the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of plain woven composites are discussed by comparing the results of Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) and TPB simulations.     

STABC-IR: An air target intention recognition method based on bidirectional gated recurrent unit and conditional random field with space-time attention mechanism

The battlefield environment is changing rapidly, and fast and accurate identification of the tactical intention of enemy targets is an important condition for gaining a decision-making advantage. The current Intention Recognition (IR) method for air targets has shortcomings in temporality, interpretability and back-and-forth dependency of intentions. To address these problems, this paper designs a novel air target intention recognition method named STABC-IR, which is based on Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) and Conditional Random Field (CRF) with Space-Time Attention mechanism (STA). First, the problem of intention recognition of air targets is described and analyzed in detail. Then, a temporal network based on BiGRU is constructed to achieve the temporal requirement. Subsequently, STA is proposed to focus on the key parts of the features and timing information to meet certain interpretability requirements while strengthening the timing requirements. Finally, an intention transformation network based on CRF is proposed to solve the back-and-forth dependency and transformation problem by jointly modeling the tactical intention of the target at each moment. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the jointly trained STABC-IR model can reach 95.7%, which is higher than other latest intention recognition methods. STABC-IR solves the problem of intention transformation for the first time and considers both temporality and interpretability, which is important for improving the tactical intention recognition capability and has reference value for the construction of command and control auxiliary decision-making system.     

火箭飞行异常遥测天线实时跟踪角度预测研究

针对火箭飞行异常下的遥测天线继续实时跟踪难的问题,提出一种飞行异常后的实时跟踪角度的预测方法.首先介绍几种常用坐标系以及坐标系之间的转换关系,并将火箭飞行异常后的运动简化为考虑惯性速度的自由落体运动,给出自由落体速度模型和实时跟踪角度的计算方法步骤.设计仿真实验,验证方法的有效性,可以作为火箭飞行异常后遥测天线实时跟踪...     

不同尺度范围的监测网对星基增强服务性能的影响分析

区域监测站提供的星基增强完好性监测服务在民用航空等生命安全领域发挥着重要作用。为了分析利用不同尺度监测网估计的完好性信息对用户服务性能影响,使用等效钟差方法分别实现三种不同尺度的监测网完好性参数估计,并进行增强定位验证。从增强卫星数目、用户测距误差、定位精度和保护级包络特性方面研究不同尺度的监测网对用户服务性能评估的影响,结果表明:与小尺度和中等尺度区域相比,大尺度区域增强卫星数目分别增加了50.7%、33.7%。与广播星历伪距单点定位相比,基于小、中等和大尺度区域监测网估计的改正数增强定位在水平方向定位精度分别提升了33.08%、33.59%和32.54%,垂直方向定位精度分别提升了36.56%、41.07%和43.86%。三种尺度估计的平均用户测距误差均优于0.3 m,保护级水平对定位误差的包络均能达到95%。研究成果可为区域星基增强监测网的选择提供理论支撑和应用依据。