航空工业的智能制造体系和架构

智能制造包含智能制造技术和智能制造系统,是国际上公认的实现工业体系转型升级的新一代方法论,能够从根本上提升我国复杂产品的创新能力和研制水平,因此,正确理解、全面认识智能制造,对我国的经济发展、数字中国的建设具有极其重大的现实意义和历史意义.智能制造的基础是数字化,由于航空工业具有复杂性、可靠性、研制成本高的三高特征,因...     

激光熔化沉积15-5PH沉淀硬化不锈钢组织及拉伸性能

利用激光熔化沉积技术制备15-5PH沉淀硬化不锈钢板,利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子探针(EPMA)技术,对沉积态组织进行分析,测试沉积态组织的室温拉伸性能。结果表明:激光熔化沉积15-5PH不锈钢沉积态组织由沿沉积增高方向贯穿多层外延生长的柱状晶组成,柱状晶内包含多个细长整齐排列的胞状树枝晶,枝晶内为马氏体组织,枝晶间为铁素体;沉积态组织中弥散分布大量细小的NbC析出相,尺寸12～20 nm;15-5PH不锈钢沉积态组织具有良好的力学性能,纵向抗拉强度和延伸率分别为1 128.5 MPa和14.0%,横向抗拉强度和延伸率分别为1 101 MPa和12.25%。     

Collaborative manufacturing technologies of structure shape and surface integrity for complex thin-walled components of aero-engine: Status,challenge and tendency

Presently, the service performance of new-generation high-tech equipment is directly affected by the manufacturing quality of complex thin-walled components. A high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of these complex thin-walled components creates a bottleneck that needs to be solved urgently in machinery manufacturing. To address this problem, the collaborative manufacturing of structure shape and surface integrity has emerged as a new process that can shorten processing cycles, improve machining qualities, and reduce costs. This paper summarises the research status on the material removal mechanism, precision control of structure shape, machined surface integrity control and intelligent process control technology of complex thin-walled components. Numerous solutions and technical approaches are then put forward to solve the critical problems in the high-performance manufacturing of complex thin-wall components. The development status, challenge and tendency of collaborative manufacturing technologies in the high-efficiency and quality manufacturing of complex thin-wall components is also discussed.     

穿孔泡沫夹层复合材料低速冲击性能试验研究

针对普通泡沫夹层复合材料层间性能较弱的问题，提出在泡沫上预先打孔的方法，在泡沫芯材中形成胶钉从而提高泡沫夹层材料的力学性能，并对穿孔泡沫夹层复合材料的低速冲击性能进行了研究。通过手糊和真空辅助成形工艺制备穿孔泡沫夹层复合材料试验件，对其进行不同能量的低速冲击试验，记录接触力、冲头位移和能量吸收率等力学响应，并采用目视检测和超声C扫无损检测两种方法确定冲击损伤的范围，探究胶钉密度、打孔深度和泡沫槽宽等变量对穿孔泡沫夹层复合材料低速冲击阻抗性能的影响。试验结果表明，随着冲击能量的增加，最大接触力、最大冲头位移和残余变形均增加，凹坑深度和内部损伤面积也增大，同时结构的能量吸收率也有所提高；适当地增加胶钉密度和泡沫槽宽能提高穿孔泡沫夹层材料的低速冲击阻抗性能，而泡沫孔深度对其冲击性能的影响较小。     

Review on residual stress and its effects on manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural panels with typical multi-processes

In the aerospace industry, integrated aluminium alloy plates and stiffened panels with high accuracy and performance attract significant interest. To manufacture these panels as integrity with high accuracy, multiple processes need to be utilised, such as machining, welding and forming. During the whole manufacturing chain, residual stresses can be generated and redistributed in the components among different processes. The residual stress would significantly affect the shapes and properties of the final products. Currently, these great effects are not well considered in the design and manufacturing processes. This paper aims to draw a general understanding of the residual stress generated in the pre-manufacturing processes and its effects on subsequent manufacturing processes. The mechanisms and distributions of residual stresses generated in typical pre-manufacturing processes of structural panels, including machining, welding and additive manufacturing (AM), are firstly summarised. The detailed effects of generated residual stresses on distortion and application properties in subsequent manufacturing processes are then concluded. In addition, current methods developed for the investigation of residual stress effect in multi-processes manufacturing are critically reviewed, including experimental, analytical, finite element (FE) and machine learning methods. Furthermore, the future development trend of methods for residual stress consideration and control in the design of manufacturing processes is summarised, providing comprehensive guidance to achieve the high accurate manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural components.