低温等离子体放电区长度对点火起爆的影响

为了研究低温等离子体放电区长度,即放电区间隙不变,体积大小对脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆的影响,以丙烷为燃料,空气和纯氧为氧化剂,充分考虑其详细的化学反应动力学机理,将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核,对放电区长度为20,40,60mm三种结构,利用Fluent软件,对点火起爆过程进行数值模拟,并进行对比分析.结果表明:将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核是可行的,能够得到完整的点火起爆过程;不同放电区长度,对初始火焰形成、火焰传播速度和缓燃转爆震(DDT)时间有很大影响,对爆震波峰值压力影响不大.      

旋流杯套筒混合段长度对点火特性的影响

为研究旋流杯套筒过长的混合段长度对燃烧室点火特性的影响,设计了两种不同的套筒混合段长度试验件,在常温常压条件下,采用单头部模型燃烧室进行了起动点火性能试验,同时采用马尔文进行了燃油雾化颗粒度测量,并结合Fluent软件的数值模拟对结果进行分析.研究结果表明:套筒混合段长度对燃烧室头部流场和油雾分布有很大影响,过长的套筒混合段长度将造成液雾与套筒壁碰撞,限制旋转射流和液滴的径向运动,造成喷雾锥角减小了32%,贫油起动点火油气比增加了20%左右.      

Improved precision of virtual height measurements with coherent radio pulse sounding based on the maximum likelihood method

The paper describes a new technique that improves precision of the virtual height measurements by a coherent pulse sounding of the ionosphere. Proposed technique is based on the method of maximum likelihood that matches expected and observed spectral domain signatures of the signal intermixed with the noise. Computer simulations show that our technique allows measurements of the echo virtual height with ∼100 m precision even at a much coarser step of the height sampling in the sounder. In experiment, we expect an average 300 m precision of the virtual height measurements for single echoes received during periods of little spread due to ionospheric irregularities.     

丁羟推进剂激光点火延迟时间研究

应用Ｃ２激光点火器研究了丁羟推进剂中氧含量，等因素及激光点火热通量与点瞎迟时间之间的关系，研究结果表明，随着丁羟推进剂氧量，燃速以及点火热通量的增加，推进的点火延迟时间缩短。超细铝粉能明显改善了羟推进剂的激光点火性能，使点火延这时间缩短。     

氢氧谐振点火器多室同步点火研究

将气动谐振点火技术应用于塞式喷管发动机多推力室的多次同步点火,研制了新型的氢氧谐振点火器. 通过对点火器的点火响应时间、点火延迟时间、多次点火的重复性以及点火器寿命等方面进行试验研究,验证了新研制的点火器具有起动快、点火延迟时间短、多次点火重复性好、寿命长等特点.采用2个点火器联试的方式进行了5次同步点火试验,研究了连接管路对同步性的影响,并提出了进一步缩短同步性时差的方法,结果表明氢氧谐振点火器完全可以满足塞式喷管发动机多推力室同步点火的要求.     

Cowpeas and pinto beans: Performance and yields of candidate space crops in the laboratory biosphere closed ecological system

An experiment utilizing cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L.), pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Apogee ultra-dwarf wheat (Triticum sativa L.) was conducted in the soil-based closed ecological facility, Laboratory Biosphere, from February to May 2005. The lighting regime was 13 h light/11 h dark at a light intensity of 960 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 45 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ supplied by high-pressure sodium lamps. The pinto beans and cowpeas were grown at two different planting densities. Pinto bean production was 341.5 g dry seed m⁻² (5.42 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 579.5 dry seed m⁻² (9.20 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 32.5 plants m⁻² and 37.5 plants m⁻², respectively. Cowpea yielded 187.9 g dry seed m⁻² (2.21 g m⁻² day⁻¹) and 348.8 dry seed m⁻² (4.10 g m⁻² day⁻¹) at planted densities of 20.8 plants m⁻² and 27.7 plants m⁻², respectively. The crop was grown at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, with levels ranging from 300–3000 ppm daily during the majority of the crop cycle. During early stages (first 10 days) of the crop, CO₂ was allowed to rise to 7860 ppm while soil respiration dominated, and then was brought down by plant photosynthesis. CO₂ was injected 27 times during days 29–71 to replenish CO₂ used by the crop during photosynthesis. Temperature regime was 24–28 °C day/deg 20–24 °C night. Pinto bean matured and was harvested 20 days earlier than is typical for this variety, while the cowpea, which had trouble establishing, took 25 days more for harvest than typical for this variety. Productivity and atmospheric dynamic results of these studies contribute toward the design of an envisioned ground-based test bed prototype Mars base.     

基于气动谐振点火器的氢氧变轨火箭发动机地面点火试验

结合气动谐振点火器进行头部设计的氢氧变轨火箭发动机是一项新颖化学火箭推进技术,尤其适于空间站应用。在对适用于发动机头部结构方案的同轴氢氧谐振点火器进行大量特性试验研究的基础上,先后成功进行了发动机头部点火,发动机整体的单脉冲、双脉冲以及3.0s稳定燃烧几种工作状态下的多次试车试验,研制出满足相关技术要求的发动机地面试车样件。      

过氧化氢双组元发动机推力室研究

在过氧化氢发动机预先研究项目中,开展了过氧化氢／烃燃料（煤油）推进剂的自燃点火研究,包括自燃燃料开发、推力室设计及冷、热试考核。设计了25N、30N、50N和50kN推力量级的推力室。经热试车考核,点火平稳可靠,燃烧稳定,室压粗糙度小于±5％,燃烧效率高于92％,设计方案合理。     

电热破膜激波管及其PLIF测量系统的研制

探讨了用Nd：YAG脉冲激光器作为泵浦光源对激波管内瞬态非定常流场进行平面激光诱导荧光（Planar laser induced fluorescence,PLIF）测量的时序同步问题。由于该激光器需要预热以获得稳定的倍频输出,作者研制了低压大电流的电热破膜装置,实现对激波产生时机的控制。在大尺寸矩形截面的激波管上搭建了PLIF测量平台,并在此平台上进行了丙酮示踪流场显示和氢氧基分布测量。     

全环涡轮级间燃烧室性能试验

以涡轮级间燃烧室(ITB)应用于涡轴发动机为研究平台,根据ITB的应用环境,采用凹腔驻涡燃烧室作为涡轮级间燃烧室,设计加工了全环凹腔驻涡燃烧室试验件,并进行了性能试验研究.试验结果表明:该燃烧室的贫油点火边界余气系数为10.2,降低驻涡凹腔体内外压差有利于点火;与常规燃烧室相比,燃烧室的燃烧效率偏低,但燃烧效率随进口温度的升高逐步加大;燃烧室的总压恢复系数较小,进口温度对燃烧室的总压恢复系数影响不大;燃烧室出口温度场分布较好,出口温度分布系数(OTDF)随进口温度的升高而减小;随着进口温度的提高,火焰筒壁温会局部偏高,火焰筒的冷却设计需优化改进.