钛合金表面抗激光涂层损伤特性及热效应影响研究

实验研究了钛合金和高反射型陶瓷涂层材料抗连续型激光烧蚀的损伤及温度分布特性，并从热效应影响角度对比分析了二者在抗激光损伤效果方面的差异性。研究结果表明：相比于钛合金，高反射型陶瓷涂层材料能有效增强钛合金基底抗激光损伤的能力；在同等激光功率密度辐照下，陶瓷涂层材料能有效提升钛合金基底耐受激光辐照的时间长度。实验结果表明该陶瓷涂层材料的激光损伤阈值比钛合金高约5.8倍。实验发现陶瓷涂层温升速率高于钛合金，但由于陶瓷材料具有较高的反射特性，以及良好的热吸收和热传导特性，因此能使由激光辐照产生的热量在其表面较快地扩散，而降低向基底方向传导的程度，最终提升陶瓷涂层的抗激光损伤阈值。     

Modeling the effects of green alternative on heat island mitigation of a meso level town,West Bengal,India

Urban heat island (UHI) is emerged as a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects the outdoor thermal comfort. Hence urban microclimatic studies using numeric simulation software to find out adaption strategies are attracting the great attention of researchers and policymaker. Number of scientists carried out their research on this topic using different tools and technique whereas ENVI-met model is the most widely used simulation tools. The present study intended to examine the implication of green infrastructure of the town on enhanced microclimatic condition and to evaluate the best suitable mitigation strategy modelling cool city with ENVI-met software (V4). Five greening condition such as existing UHI condition (C1), 100% greening of roof (C2), 100% greening of roof and walls (C3), 50% greening of roof and walls (C4) and: Plantation at suitable area with 50% greening of roof and walls (C5) have been taken into consideration for the microclimate simulation for all three selected sites. Among these five conditions, C3 for the open mid-rise and compact low-rise, C5 for the open low-rise are identified as one of the most suitable strategies which can reduce the air temperature of peak hours by 2.6 °C, 1.33 °C and 1.87 °C respectively. These models are validated by simple linear regression between simulated and existing air temperature in case of existing UHI condition (C1) and in all the cases coefficient of determination value is high such as for open mid-rise, compact low-rise and open low-rise, it is 0.92, 0.92 and 0.75 respectively. Therefore it can be concluded that the application of those strategies can improve the urban thermal environment as well as the outdoor thermal comfort of English bazaar Town and its surroundings.     

运载火箭推进剂复杂流动传热问题数值模拟中的模型简化方法

在运载火箭改进优化或新型运载火箭设计过程中,会遇到各种复杂的流动与传热问题。按照真实产品和物理过程直接建立的数值计算模型过于复杂,不同尺度的结构、流动与传热、长时间的飞行过程相互耦合,出现计算时间太长(数年)、收敛困难、程序调试困难等问题。针对初始条件复杂、飞行过程复杂、边界条件复杂3类具体问题,总结了3种相应的模型简化方法,分别是工程经验法、极限参数法、低维近似法,为推进剂复杂流动与传热的数值模拟提供参考。     

General relativistic radiation hydrodynamics: Mixed-frame approach

I show how general relativistic 3D radiation hydrodynamic equations can be derived from the tensor formulation. Radiation quantities are differentiated with respect to the fixed coordinates while the interaction between matter and radiation is described by the comoving frame quantities. The formulation is covariant, and can be applied to any coordinates or spacetime; I show the derivation for the Schwarzschild spacetime as an example.     

圆柱齿轮齿廓偏差及螺旋线偏差精度控制研究

在齿轮加工过程中,热处理变形是影响齿轮精度的主要原因之一.通过分析CA457桥从动圆柱齿轮在渗碳淬火热处理中齿廓偏差、螺旋线偏差的变化数据,得出齿廓偏差、螺旋线偏差的变形规律.根据渗碳淬火后基圆半径和螺旋角的变形均呈增大趋势,修改加工刀具的设计齿廓和齿轮的设计螺旋线,降低热处理前产品的工艺精度,保证了热处理后产品的合格率.在创造良好经济效益的同时也为同类产品提供了设计依据.     

基于蒙特卡罗法辐射传递系数的统计分析

文章基于蒙特卡罗方法定义了表面热辐射换热辐射传递系数的表达式,确定其概率分布和置信度水平并进行统计分析。推导封闭腔内辐射传递系数的相对和绝对误差公式,为求解辐射传递系数所需追踪射线数量提供参考依据。     

双功能陶瓷膜生物反应器处理污水的实验研究

针对目前膜生物反应器运行过程中膜易污染的问题，研制了一种新型的双功能陶瓷膜生物反应器．该生物反应器的主要特点是采用一种具有双重功能的陶瓷膜作为生物反应器的主要元件，陶瓷膜可以交替地进行曝气和过滤，将膜的在线反冲清洗和生物反应器的供氧曝气结合在一起．考察了不同运行条件下该反应器对COD、氨氮的去除效果．对陶瓷膜的充氧能力进行了实验，测得小孔陶瓷膜、大孔陶瓷膜、砂型曝气头的氧传递系数分别为：0．2315min-1，0．1587min-1，0．0991min-1．     

非平衡态材料的热塑性挤压合金化制备

采用热塑性挤压合金化制备非平衡态材料,并研究了材料的微观组织。结果表明:Ti-Al系材料内存在TiAl3、Ti2Al3、Ti3Al、TiAl和Ti5Al3等化合相,热塑性挤压合金化可以显著减小Ti-Al系合金的晶粒尺寸;在挤压变形方向,挤压材料具有成分不均匀性,前部和后部的Ti/Al原子比均低于中部;经500℃/6 h热处理后,Ti相完全转化成Ti-Al化合相。     

热惯性对热冲击半无限体热应力影响非傅立叶效应研究

考虑超快速加热引起传热过程的非傅立叶效应,基于线性热弹性理论和表面热惯性特性,建立了带惯性第一类边界条件的半无限体的动态温度场、热应力场方程组。用拉普拉斯变换法对方程组进行求解。结果表明,快速加热在半无限体内产生温度场和应力场,且热和应力呈波动输运机制。讨论了温升率或热惯性对半空间温度场和应力场的影响,比较弹性波波速与热波波速之比动态热应力的影响。     

紧凑热交换器优化设计

对各种传热表面的板翅式紧凑热交换器进行了优化设计计算，建立了通用优化程序系统。此程序既适用于一般地面热交换器，也适用于飞机空调中的热交换器。与传统的设计计算相比较，优化设计的效果很好。热交换优化后，肋片的形状变得更加合理，芯体传热表面更加紧。通过各种肋片的计算得出，条状肋片为板翅式肋片中的最佳者。