金属基复合材料(MMC)的理化行为和工程性

文章就金属基复合材料(MMC)的理化特性和工程技术应用进行简要叙述,例举了近些年国内外该领域的科研动态,并对金属基复合材料(MMC)的应用前景尤其是在航空、航天工程中的推广和发展提出了看法。     

翼伞技术研究的最新发展

当今美国对翼伞的研究非常活跃,涉及的面非常广,内容也很丰富,其中包括研制特种新型翼伞、空投重物的大面积翼伞、用GPS(全球定位系统)为导航仪的定点着陆控制技术、翼伞操纵训练的计算机仿真、翼伞的竞技运动及其他应用技术等。文中将重点介绍三项可借鉴的最新成果。首先,介绍一种新概念的全封闭前缘后掠翼伞,内容涉及到该种翼伞的展弦比、结构参数、材料、开伞、充气动态性能、有效载荷、机动性等。其次,介绍模拟机的研制,该机成为跳伞运动员专业教学训练的新工具,还可为先进的精确机载回收系统提供仿真,从而有机会全面了解风、有效载荷对控制的影响。最后,介绍在美国高滑翔回收系统中,具有新里程碑意义的GS—750—1翼伞,由于不断的改善性能,提高精度,从而能自动降落到离中心目标100m之内的地方。     

High-efficiency aircraft antiskid brake control algorithm via runway condition identification based on an on-off valve array

The aircraft antiskid braking system is an important hydraulic system for preventing tire bursts and ensuring safe take-off and landing. The brake system adjusts the force applied on the brake discs by controlling the brake pressure. Traditional aircraft antiskid braking systems achieve antiskid performance by controlling the braking pressure with an electrohydraulic servo valve. Because the pilot stage of an electrohydraulic servo valve is easily blocked by carbonized hydraulic oil, the servo valve would become a dangerous weak point for aircraft safety. This paper proposes a new approach that uses an on-off valve array to replace the servo valve for pressure control. Based on this new pressure control component, an efficient antiskid control algorithm that can utilize this discontinuous feature is proposed. Furthermore, the algorithm has the ability to identify the runway circumstances. To overcome the discontinuity in the process of using an on-off valve array, the Filippov framework is introduced. The conditions of convergence of the system are also discussed. The results of the digital simulations and the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) braking experiments are used to verify the efficiency and stability of the proposed control algorithm. The method also proves that the on-off valve array can replace the servo valve perfectly as a new type of antiskid braking pressure control component.     

河南省制造业信息化技术服务体系建设初探

对制造业信息化工程的发展进行了简要的回顾,详细分析了河南省制造业的现状和制造业在国民经济中所占的地位,介绍了河南省制造业信息化工程的总体目标和发展规划,探讨了技术服务体系建设的内容和方法.     

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

Experimental investigation on dynamic response of flat blades with underplatform dampers

One test rig with three blades and two Under-Platform Dampers (UPDs) is established to better understand the dynamical behavior of blades with UPDs. A pre-loaded spring is used to simulate the centrifugal load acting on the damper, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the pressing load. UPDs with different forms, sizes and materials are carefully designed as experimental control groups. Noncontact measurement via a laser Doppler velocimeter is employed and contact excitation which is performed by an electromagnetic exciter is adopted to directly obtain the magnitude of the excitation load by a force sensor mounted on the excitation rod. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the contact status of the contact surfaces, e.g. the pressure-sensitive paper is used to measure the effective contact area of the UPDs. The experimental variables are selected as the centrifugal force, the amplitude of the excitation force, the damper mass, the effective contact area, and the damper material. The Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the blade under different experimental parameters is obtained by slow frequency sweep under sinusoidal excitation to study the influence of each parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the blade and the mechanism analysis is carried out combined with the experimental results.     

软件项目估算与测量的工程实践

在开发过程中软件估算和测量非常重要,如果没有合理而准确的估算和实测数据,就不能对软件项目进行有效的管理和控制。本文阐述了在航天软件过程改进实施过程中工作产品规模、工作量和进度的估算和测量方法,分析了3个航天软件项目的测量结果,总结了项目的管理情况。并且证明基本的CO-COMO模型比较适合航天软件项目。     

红外辐射大气透过率的工程计算

针对现有红外辐射大气透过率经验计算公式不适用于高层大气的局限性,对其进行了重新推导并引入了高度修正,修正后的公式可用于计算任意高度路程上的大气透过率,修正所需大气光学特性参数全部可查相关手册获得。此外,还设计了适合于计算倾斜路径上大气透过率的计算流程,并给出了计算实例。     

宇航用活塞式连接分离火工装置的理论研究与工程计算

介绍了宇航用活塞式连接分离火工装置（简称火工装置）的特点和工作原理，建立了火工装置分离过程的理论模型，得出了该装置的解锁分离力和分离速度，提出了确定最佳火药量的原则和方法。经试验验证，其方法可以较精确地预示火工装置的性能，具有工程使用价值。     

一种运载火箭减载控制工程方法

为降低运载火箭飞行中的气动载荷，在改进弹道模型的基础上，提出了一种用实时补偿对实时气流攻角和侧滑进行反馈控制的方法。研究了工程上用实时视加速度与姿态角偏差近似获得实时攻角和侧滑角的方法，并给出了控制模型。仿真结果表明，该方法能有效降低火箭的qα值，且对关机点参数的影响不大。