空间卫星红外辐射灵敏度分析

考虑卫星本体表面包覆绝热材料的实际物理状态,根据数值传热学和有限容积法建立了目标表面温度场和红外辐射计算模型.建立卫星结构模型,基于热控涂层性能退化,提出红外辐射灵敏度概念,并建立了卫星红外辐射灵敏度计算模型.对在轨飞行卫星的瞬态温度场进行数值模拟,与遥测数据对比分析.最后,分析了空间卫星的红外辐射和红外辐射灵敏度.结...     

用腐蚀损伤计算金属日历寿命的原理和模型

通过对金属腐蚀T-H曲线和温湿谱的腐蚀损伤研究,找到一种用腐蚀损伤计算金属日历寿命的原理和模型。这种计算金属日历寿命的模型,只要给出真实使用环境下的腐蚀T-H曲线和温湿谱,就可计算出金属真实使用日历寿命。通过对30CrMnSiA钢的日历寿命实例计算结果与真实环境下的腐蚀试验结果的比较得到,相对误差是17.5%,这说明该日历寿命计算模型和方法是有效的。     

金属任意腐蚀损伤量的日历寿命计算模型和曲线

国际机械日历寿命研究,都是在假设已知腐蚀损伤容限Dc的前提下,求在这个Dc下的金属日历寿命。为了便于应用,本文不再假设腐蚀损伤容限Dc为已知数,而是把Dc当做变量,求金属任意腐蚀损伤量Di的日历寿命。本文通过多方面深入研究,发现腐蚀试验溶液的浓度dt与试验时间Ht的乘积除以试验获得的腐蚀损伤Dt等于一个常数。由此给出一种简单易行的金属任意腐蚀损伤量日历寿命的计算模型和相应的求解曲线。由此模型或曲线,可求得金属任意腐蚀损伤量的日历寿命。     

弧齿锥齿轮齿面拓扑修形及加工参数计算

为了能够实现对齿面啮合性能的灵活控制,针对弧齿锥齿轮小轮提出一种齿面拓扑修形方法,即借助二阶曲面对齿面偏差拓扑的近似表达,将齿面拓扑修形分解为5个方向:螺旋角修正、压力角修正、齿长曲率修正、齿廓曲率修正及齿面挠率修正,通过改变5个方向的修形系数对小轮齿面拓扑结构进行自由控制。在此基础上,建立齿面偏差与机床加工参数之间的修正数学模型,通过构建敏感性矩阵并采用最小二乘法求解,反求出获得修形齿面的小轮加工参数,以便指导加工。以一对弧齿锥齿轮副为例进行修形啮合分析,仿真结果表明:选取齿长曲率修形系数为0.0001,齿廓曲率修形系数为0.0005,齿面挠率修形系数为0.0003,对齿面进行拓扑修形后传动误差幅值为-25.60″,接触迹线倾斜角度变为54.7°,相比原始结果啮合性能得到改善。滚检接触区与理论仿真结果一致,验证了修形方法的有效性。      

一种平板螺旋式诱导轮的扬程计算法

目前平板螺旋式诱导轮的扬程计算法大都没有考虑诱导轮出口涡流区的影响,计算出的扬程和实际扬程有较大的偏差,涡流区的存在一方面会减小主流过流面积,使液流出口速度增大,损失增加,另一方面涡流运动自身也会消耗能量,使得诱导轮的扬程有所降低.以径向平衡理论为基础,考虑诱导轮出口涡流区的影响,提出一种扬程的修正计算法,用该方法对两种诱导轮进行了计算,计算结果和试验实测值比较接近,可以更准确的计算非空化工况下诱导轮的扬程.     

Numerical simulation of a rotary engine primary compressor impacted by bird

In order to examine the process of a rotary engine primary compressor impacted by bird, a finite element model of a bird impacted on plate is developed with the explicit code PAM-CRASH. The smooth particles hydrodynamic (SPH) method is used to simulate the bird because of the SPH method showing no signs of instability and correctly modeling the breaking-up of the bird into particles. Good agreement between the simulation results and experimental results indicates that the numerical method of bird strike used in the present paper is reasonable. Then a rotary engine primary compressor impacted by three different configurations bird named straight-ended cylinder bird, quadrangular bird, hemispherical-ended bird are investigated using the numerical simulation method. It is found that the whole process of bird strike sustained about 3.5 ms and the bird is slashed by blade during the strike. The geometry configuration of bird affected the displacement and von Mises stress of some blades severely, just because the breaking bird’s mass is affected by the bird’s configuration. In the event of bird striking on the site of"up"some blades may develop plastic deformation and it is very adverse for the safety work of the engine.     

烧生活垃圾流化燃烧炉方案设计

本文设计了一台日处理量２ｔ／ｄ的烧垃圾的漩流化床焚烧炉模化装置，并进行了相应的热力计算，此装置可作为研究燃烧低热闰圾的重要设备。     

舰载机增升装置对薄翼型升力系数的影响研究

描述了增升装置在提高舰载机薄翼型升力系数方面的作用,观察到大偏角前缘襟翼小迎角时对翼型升力曲线的影响,并通过与试验现象对比,初步探讨了非线性作用形成的可能机理。利用数值模拟方法,通过有限元计算软件对相同流场中多种增升装置的升力系数进行了模拟与比较,从而达到合理设计舰载战机翼型的目的。CFD计算结果表明,所设计的二维多段翼型有良好的气动特性,升力系数得到提高,具有较好的增升效果。     

Detonation engine fed by acetylene–oxygen mixture

The advantages of a constant volume combustion cycle as compared to constant pressure combustion in terms of thermodynamic efficiency has focused the search for advanced propulsion on detonation engines. Detonation of acetylene mixed with oxygen in various proportions is studied using mathematical modeling. Simplified kinetics of acetylene burning includes 11 reactions with 9 components. Deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is obtained in a cylindrical tube with a section of obstacles modeling a Shchelkin spiral; the DDT takes place in this section for a wide range of initial mixture compositions. A modified ka-omega turbulence model is used to simulate flame acceleration in the Shchelkin spiral section of the system. The results of numerical simulations were compared with experiments, which had been performed in the same size detonation chamber and turbulent spiral ring section, and with theoretical data on the Chapman–Jouguet detonation parameters.     

关于矩阵的定义及其运算的新思路

在当前流行的线性代数教科书中，大都直接给出矩阵及其运算的抽象定义，并没有给出这些定义的实际背景和具体应用，使学生理解和接受起来有很大的困难。本文通过具体实例引出矩阵及其运算的概念，这不但使学生很自然地理解矩阵及其运算的定义，而且也加强了学生解决实际问题的能力。