Two freedom linear parameter varying μ synthesis control for flight environment testbed

To solve the problem of robust servo performance of Flight Environment Testbed(FET)of Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF) over the whole operational envelope, a two-degree-offreedom μ synthesis method based on Linear Parameter Varying(LPV) schematic is proposed, and meanwhile a new structure frame of μ synthesis control on two degrees of freedom with double integral and weighting functions is presented, which constitutes a core support part of the paper. Aimed at the problem of reference command's rapid change, one freedom feed forward is adopted, while another freedom output feedback is used to meet good servo tracking as well as disturbance and noise rejection; furthermore, to overcome the overshoot problem and acquire dynamic tuning,the integral is introduced in inner loop, and another integral controller is used in outer loop in order to guarantee steady errors; additionally, two performance weighting functions are designed to achieve robust specialty and control energy limit considering the uncertainties in system. As the schedule parameters change over large flight envelope, the stability of closed-loop LPV system is proved using Lyapunov inequalities. The simulation results show that the relative tracking errors of temperature and pressure are less than 0.5% with LPV μ synthesis controller. Meanwhile, compared with non-LPV μ synthesis controller in large uncertainty range, the proposed approach in this research can ensure robust servo performance of FET over the whole operational envelope.     

Infrared radiation signature of exhaust plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics

The infrared radiation signature of the plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics is not the same. Three kinds of double-base propellants of different energy characteristics are chosen to measure the infrared spectral radiance from 1000 cm 1 to 4500 cm 1 of their plumes. The radiative spectrum is obtained in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the infrared radiation of the plume is determined by the energy characteristics of the propellant. The radiative transfer calculation models of the exhaust plume for the solid propellants are established. By including the chemical reaction source term and the radiation source term into the energy equation, the plume field and the radiative transfer are solved in a coupled way. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data, so the reliability of the models is confirmed. The temperature distribution and the extent of the afterburning of the plume are distinct for the propellants of different energy characteristics, therefore the plume radiation varies for different propellants. The temperature of the fluid cell in the plume will increase or decrease to some extent by the influence of the radiation term.     

Energy absorption features of 3-D braided rectangular composite under different strain rates compressive loading

There are huge potential applications of 3-D braided composite in aerospace engineering because of the non-delamination feature of the composite under impact loading. This paper presents the analysis of energy absorption features of 3-D braided composite under compression with different strain rates. The 3-D 4-step rectangular braided composite coupons were tested on a material tester MTS 810.23 and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus to obtain out-of-plane and in-plane compression stress vs. strain curves at quasi-static and high strain rate state. The failure modes and energy absorption features of the 3-D braided composite under different strain rates were analyzed both in time domain and frequency domain. The energy absorbed by the 3-D braided composite increases with the strain rate. From fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of compression stress vs. time histories, the power of energy absorption of the 3-D braided composite increases with strain rate and mostly concentrate on the high frequency region. While for quasi-static compression, the power distributes in very narrow frequency region and also is less than that in high strain rates. This feature corresponds to the different damage and energy absorption mechanisms of the 3-D braided composite under quasi-static and high strain rate compression.     

Energy release in double layers

A Double layer (DL) in a current carrying plasma sustains a localised net potential difference and acts as an impedance converting electrical energy to directed particle energy determined by the DL potential. DL's accelerate equal numbers of ions and electrons for relativistic energies, otherwise electron energisation predominates. Their time independent structure may be described as a BGK (Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal) state analogous to that for laminar shocks, and certain existence criteria must be satisfied. The generalised Langmuir criterion requires total particle pressure balance over the DL and may imply propagation in the plasma reference frame. The Bohm criteria require sufficiently large current densities and are closely related to the local stability condition at the edges of the DL. The DL potential must be sustained externally, for example by the release of stored magnetic energy. A steady state is also possible where (externally maintained) mass motions drive a dynamo region connected by currents to the DL which acts as an electrical load.     

采用VSCMGs的航天器IPACS设计的一种投影矩阵方法

研究以变速控制力矩陀螺群（VSCMGs）为执行机构的能量／姿态一体化控制系统（IPACS）中的操纵律设计问题。建立了带VSCMGs的刚性航天器的动力学方程，用Lyapunov方法设计了渐近稳定的姿态控制律；在对VSCMGs的动力学进行详细分析的基础上，用投影矩阵法设计了一种操纵律，该算法将姿态控制指令力矩分解成两个力矩分量之和，其中一个由陀螺模式提供，另一个由飞轮模式提供，从而使VSCMGs处于构型奇异时陀螺模式也处于工作状态，降低了飞轮模式的负荷；文中证明了IPACS所需的变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMG）个数最少为3，并分析证明了所设计的算法可以有效地解决姿控／储能一体化设计中可能出现的奇异问题。仿真结果验证了所设计算法的可行性。     

航天器用新型金属橡胶减振器

介绍了一种用于航天器的新型金属橡胶减振器（MRD）的制作工艺，并与普通橡胶减振器（RD）在航天环境中的使用寿命、阻尼、能量耗散和传递率等性能进行了比较。分析结果表明，MRD的性能具有明显的优势，在航天等特定领域内MRD是RD的理想替代品。     

目前我省在节能建筑发展中存在的问题与对策探讨

针对我省节能建筑发展的现状以及所存在的问题，本文详细地分析了问题产生的原因，并提出相应的解决这些问题的对策。     

The structure of the solar cycle maximum phase in the galactic cosmic ray 11-year variation

Two phenomena connected with the maximum phase of the 11-year solar cycle in the galactic cosmic ray intensity – the change in the energy dependence of the intensity variations and the double-peak structure in the intensity modulation time profile – are considered for the last five solar cycles (Nos. 19–23). The distinct 22-year cycle in the magnitude of the so called energy hysteresis is observed.The periods of the solar cycle maximum phase in the galactic cosmic ray intensity, characterized by the specific energy dependence of the intensity, are estimated. It is found that the double-peak structures belonging to the solar cycle maximum phase and those around it are very similar both in the amplitude and in its energy dependence.     

采供暖节能测控系统的实现

随着资源与能源的不断减少，节能已经成为当前国民经济运行中的重要任务。科技的进步可以一定程度上达到节约能源的目的，在城镇集中供暖方面，从供热与用热两方面采用科学合理以覆智能化的控制测量技术能达到较好的节约能源的效果。     

间隙对半开式离心叶轮性能影响的理论预测

推导了半开式离心叶轮间隙流动所产生的力及引起的损失,建立了相应的压力损失及效率随间隙变化的模型。在小型试验台上对间隙影响进行了实验研究。得出了间隙对压力、效率的影响规律。实验结果与理论预测相符。