GB/T 3364中异形截面纤维当量直径计算方法的研究

GB/T 3364碳纤维直径和当量直径试验方法中,异形截面纤维当量直径的计算方法较为复杂.经过计算公式的数学推导,使得异形截面纤维当量直径的计算和测量步骤有了较大的简化,并通过实验验证了简化方法的有效性.     

并列双发三维非对称多S弯喷管参数化设计方法

形成了一套基于CFD计算评价的并列双发三维非对称多S弯喷管参数化设计方法,并初步证明了该方法的正确性和可行性.多S弯中心线在Z向偏心度为0时:第一S弯Y向偏心度、长度都最小,第二S弯Y向偏心度、长度都最大,第三S弯Y向偏心度、长度分别介于前两个S弯对应参数之间,各S弯都采用进口缓慢转弯,出口快速转弯的规律,以利于抑制背风侧分离和涡.剖面在各S弯上都采用进口快速收缩缓慢转弯,出口缓慢收缩快速转弯的规律,且宽高比与侧边倾角在进出口变化速率相同,且侧边倾角只分布在第一S弯上,以利于稳定流场和增加隐身性能.合流器采用楔底宽高比约束,其值应不超过0.26.      

不同攻角下高超声速二元进气道性能研究

针对高超声速二维混压进气道,以最大总压恢复系数为目标,基于多楔面内收缩段设计原理,利用多楔角方法设计内收缩段长度和出口高度等。通过比较不同攻角下二元进气道总压恢复系数、流场及启动情况等多方面特性,验证了改变攻角对进气道启动特性改善的效果。     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

方形截面飞行器上仰机动对滚转特性影响的数值模拟

飞行器从中小迎角至大迎角范围内,由于背风区流动分离形态的演化,静态气动特性特别是横侧向气动特性也随迎角显著变化,可能诱发复杂的滚转运动。但飞行器一般是上仰机动时,才从平飞状态快速拉起至大迎角,此机动过程对横侧向气动特性和滚转运动可能产生较大影响。本文发展了刚体动力学方程和Navier-Stokes方程的松耦合求解技术,并通过数值模拟航天飞机脱落碎片的六自由度运动轨迹进行了验证。针对背风区涡流形态及横侧向气动特性复杂的方形截面飞行器,数值模拟研究了其不同迎角下的静态滚转气动特性、自由滚转运动特性,以及上仰机动时不同拉起速率对滚转运动特性的影响。结果表明,对于此飞行器,静态时存在临界迎角约为13°,当迎角小于临界迎角时,滚转方向是静不稳定的,诱发快速滚转运动;当迎角大于临界迎角时,滚转方向是静稳定的,其滚转运动是收敛的。但上仰机动时,滚转运动的形态还与拉起速率相关,即使拉起的终止迎角大于临界迎角,如果拉起速率较慢,也可能出现快速滚转运动。     

舷外雷达有源诱饵在舰艇反导中的运用研究

阐述了舷外雷达有源诱饵的干扰机理,并对影响干扰效果的诱饵有效雷达截面积理论计算公式进行了推导,从中找出了影响诱饵有效雷达截面积大小的因素,通过对其中诱饵有效辐射功率和诱饵距反舰导弹距离因素的分析,提出了舰艇使用舷外雷达有源诱饵防御反舰导弹时,在发射时机、布放位置和干扰方位上应采取的措施。     

A comparison of total reaction cross section models used in particle and heavy ion transport codes

Understanding the interactions and propagations of high energy protons and heavy ions are essential when trying to estimate the biological effects of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE) on personnel in space. To be able to calculate the shielding properties of different materials and radiation risks, particle and heavy ion transport codes are needed. In all particle and heavy ion transport codes, the probability function that a projectile particle will collide within a certain distance x in the matter depends on the total reaction cross sections, and the calculated partial fragmentation cross sections scale with the total reaction cross sections. It is therefore crucial that accurate total reaction cross section models are used in the transport calculations. In this paper, different models for calculating nucleon–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus total reaction cross sections are compared with each other and with measurements. The uncertainties in the calculations with the different models are discussed, as well as their overall performances with respect to the available experimental data. Finally, a new compilation of experimental data is briefly presented.     

加力燃烧室NOx排放生成规律试验分析

实现航空发动机大推力通常采用加力燃烧室设计,燃烧室进气温度升高会同步导致排放尾气中NO_x浓度提高.采用典型加力燃烧室主稳定器的V型结构试验件,测试加力燃烧前后(进口600 ℃,出口600~1 200 ℃)燃烧室排放断面的NO_x浓度分布,通过相同流场4种试验工况的NO_x生成浓度组分和氧含量变化分析,验证了加力燃烧室NO_x生成以热力型NO为主的"高温、富氧、贫油"燃烧特性.结果表明加力燃烧室燃烧过程中消耗的氧含量大多贡献于CO₂增量,在800~1 000 ℃燃气排放温度范围内,不完全燃烧产物CO对NO的热力生成有明显抑制作用.     

大型亚声速风洞试验段设计的新概念

用一个亚声速引导性风洞的研究数据揭示了常规开口试验段设计中存在的问题及一些解决方法;介绍了国外亚声速风洞开口试验段设计的新概念,使风洞试验段允许的模型堵塞度从10%提高到20%,大幅度降低风洞的建造和运营成本,为国内未来大型亚声速风洞建设的创新设计提供参考.     

双曲线圆截面建筑结构雷诺数效应模拟实践

在流线型结构气动性能风洞试验研究中,结构表面绕流特征雷诺数效应的准确模拟对于确定风荷载、评价其气动性能的影响是决定性的.通过改变模型表面粗糙度可以实现原型结构超高雷诺数条件(Re≥10~7)绕流效应模拟,但模拟手段及效果受人为经验因素影响较大,难于总结表面粗糙度与绕流形态变化关系,给实际模拟操作造成不便.设计两组双曲线圆截面结构模型风洞试验,通过在模型表面粘贴不同厚度粗糙纸带的办法,尝试并实现了模型超高雷诺数条件绕流特征模拟,分析了粗糙度及试验风速对模型表面绕流压力分布、截面阻力系数等参数的影响,初步总结了相对粗糙度随模型尺度的变化规律,为更好展开圆截面建筑结构气动性能研究提供了借鉴.